Practitioner Development

Fostering Belonging in Autistic Individuals.

Dyer et al. (2025) · Journal of autism and developmental disorders 2025
★ The Verdict

Add a clear, measurable ‘belonging’ target to every autism behavior plan.

✓ Read this if BCBAs and RBTs who write goals for autistic clients of any age.
✗ Skip if Practitioners only working on skill-acquisition with no social context.

01Research in Context

01

What this study did

Dyer et al. (2025) wrote a narrative review. They asked, 'What would happen if we treated belonging as a main goal in autism services?'

They looked at past work on inclusion, identity, and well-being. They did not run new experiments. Instead they built a case for making belonging a clear, trackable outcome.

02

What they found

The authors say belonging is more than being present. It is feeling valued and wanted.

They give steps to turn the fuzzy idea into an observable goal you can plot on a graph.

03

How this fits with other research

Davies et al. (2024) found that outside acceptance, not inside traits, drives a positive autistic identity. Kathleen’s call to measure belonging lines up with that data.

Mammarella et al. (2022) showed autistic adults face daily exclusion. The new paper answers that pain by urging teams to set explicit belonging targets.

Deserno et al. (2017) used network analysis on over 2,000 autistic people. Social satisfaction sat at the heart of well-being. Kathleen turns that stat into action: write belonging into the behavior plan.

04

Why it matters

Most plans track eye contact or quiet hands. Few track ‘feels welcome.’ Kathleen gives you a script to add a belonging goal in your next autism plan. Define it in observable terms, collect data, and share results with the client. You keep your ABA lens while honoring what autistic voices say matters most.

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→ Action — try this Monday

Open the current behavior plan, pick one social setting, and write one belonging goal the client can self-rate each session.

02At a glance

Intervention
not applicable
Design
narrative review
Population
autism spectrum disorder
Finding
not reported

03Original abstract

This commentary explores the concept of belonging as a critical yet often overlooked goal in supporting autistic individuals. While inclusive practices have expanded educational access, they do not consistently foster the emotional and relational experience of belonging. A targeted literature review was conducted to synthesize research on belonging, autism, and applied behavior analysis. Articles were selected based on their relevance to belonging, personal identity, and inclusive practices. Key themes include the distinction between inclusion and belonging, the definition and significance of belonging, challenges faced by the autistic community in achieving it, and research and educational recommendations derived from current literature and conceptual analysis to promote belonging among autistic individuals. Belonging must be prioritized as a meaningful outcome in autism support. Achieving this requires continued progress in defining, measuring, and intervening to enhance the subjective experience of belonging, as well as refining research and educational recommendations.

Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 2025 · doi:10.4324/9781315297293