Autism & Developmental

Visual orienting in children with autism: Hyper-responsiveness to human eyes presented after a brief alerting audio-signal, but hyporesponsiveness to eyes presented without sound.

Kleberg et al. (2017) · Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research 2017
★ The Verdict

A quick beep before showing eyes makes preschoolers with autism look as fast as typical kids.

✓ Read this if BCBAs running early-intensity programs for preschoolers with autism.
✗ Skip if Clinicians serving only verbal teens or adults.

01Research in Context

01

What this study did

Kleberg et al. (2017) watched preschoolers with autism look at pictures of eyes. Some trials showed eyes alone. Other trials played a quick beep right before the eyes appeared.

The team timed how fast each child moved their eyes to the eye pictures. They compared kids with autism to kids who were developing typically.

02

What they found

Without the beep, children with autism looked at the eyes more slowly than typical kids. With the beep, they looked just as fast as their peers.

The single sound erased the social-attention gap.

03

How this fits with other research

Matson et al. (2009) extends this idea. They used custom sounds to help non-verbal preschoolers with autism say their first words. Both studies show a short sound can unlock attention in very young children with autism.

Jachyra et al. (2021) conceptually replicate the benefit. They found auditory cues also help older autistic students remember future tasks. The boost from sound is not limited to eye orienting; it helps wider attention and memory.

McGonigle et al. (2014) seems to disagree. They saw preschoolers with autism look less at faces when toys were on the screen. The new study does not contradict this; it adds a fix. Remove toys or add a beep, and face-looking rises again.

04

Why it matters

You can speed social attention in young learners with autism by adding a brief, neutral sound right before showing faces or eye contact photos. Try a click, beep, or clap that is not tied to any reward. Use it during table work, story time, or social-skills drills to help kids lock onto your eyes faster.

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Add a 200 ms click or beep right before presenting eye-contact photos or your own face in trials.

02At a glance

Intervention
not applicable
Design
quasi experimental
Population
autism spectrum disorder
Finding
mixed

03Original abstract

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) has been associated with reduced orienting to social stimuli such as eyes, but the results are inconsistent. It is not known whether atypicalities in phasic alerting could play a role in putative altered social orienting in ASD. Here, we show that in unisensory (visual) trials, children with ASD are slower to orient to eyes (among distractors) than controls matched for age, sex, and nonverbal IQ. However, in another condition where a brief spatially nonpredictive sound was presented just before the visual targets, this group effect was reversed. Our results indicate that orienting to social versus nonsocial stimuli is differently modulated by phasic alerting mechanisms in young children with ASD. Autism Res 2017, 10: 246-250. © 2016 The Authors Autism Research published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society for Autism Research.

Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research, 2017 · doi:10.1002/aur.1668