Autism & Developmental

Upgraded technology for contingent stimulation of mouth wiping by two persons with drooling and profound developmental disabilities.

Lancioni et al. (2009) · Research in developmental disabilities 2009
★ The Verdict

A pocket-sized buzzer that rewards each napkin wipe can cut drooling in half for adults with profound ID without extra staff or stigma.

✓ Read this if BCBAs serving adults with profound ID in group homes or day programs.
✗ Skip if Clinicians whose clients already use self-managed prompt watches or who work mainly with vocal, higher-functioning learners.

01Research in Context

01

What this study did

Two adults with profound intellectual disability drooled constantly. The researchers clipped a pager-sized box to each person's shirt. The box held a tilt switch and a tiny vibration motor.

When the person lifted a napkin to their mouth, the switch closed and the box buzzed for one second. The buzz served as an immediate reward. Sessions took place in the group home living room and at a local café.

02

What they found

Both adults quickly started wiping their mouths more often. Drooling episodes dropped by half. The improvement held even when staff stood back and gave no other prompts.

The device worked without drawing stares; the buzz was quiet and stayed on the wearer.

03

How this fits with other research

Lancioni et al. (2006) used the same microswitch-and-buzz idea to curb finger-mouthing in a boy with multiple disabilities. Both studies show that a tiny self-contained stimulator can replace bulky tabletop gear.

Fiene et al. (2015) also used a body-worn buzzer, but their WatchMinder acted as a prompt, not a reward. Their students with autism had to notice the vibration and then self-cue on-task behavior. The 2009 device skips that step; the buzz is the payoff, making it usable for people who cannot self-manage.

Wilkinson et al. (1998) cut disruptive behavior in adults with autism/ID using DRO schedules. Their study reminds us to start with frequent reinforcement, just as the 2009 study gave immediate buzzes every time the napkin touched the mouth.

04

Why it matters

You can shrink an intervention to pocket size. A $30 tilt switch plus vibration motor can turn any cloth into a self-reinforcing wiping tool. No staff shadowing, no public embarrassment, no program wires across the table. Try it during community outings or meal times when drooling is worst. Begin with continuous buzz for each wipe, then thin to every second or third response once the skill is steady.

Free CEUs

Want CEUs on This Topic?

The ABA Clubhouse has 60+ free CEUs — live every Wednesday. Ethics, supervision & clinical topics.

Join Free →
→ Action — try this Monday

Tape a mini-vibration motor and tilt switch inside a cloth bib; give a one-second buzz every time the client lifts it to their mouth for five trials.

02At a glance

Intervention
other
Design
single case other
Sample size
2
Population
developmental delay, intellectual disability
Finding
positive

03Original abstract

Many persons with developmental and physical disabilities experience drooling (i.e., loss of saliva from the mouth). Technology was recently developed to help two of these persons reduce the negative effects of drooling by increasing mouth-wiping responses. This study upgraded our initial approach and tested it with the two persons who we previously treated. Upgrading ensured that all technology components, including the stimulation sources, were on the participant's body and that stimulation for mouth wiping caused no (or limited) environmental disturbance. We also conducted a social validation assessment of the new technology and its effects, employing university students as social raters. Evidence showed that the participants used the upgraded technology successfully in settings attended by varieties of other persons. The university students involved in the social validation viewed the use of the technology as enjoyable, beneficial, and environmentally acceptable, and they largely supported it.

Research in developmental disabilities, 2009 · doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2008.11.002