Autism & Developmental

Teaching preschool age autistic children to make spontaneous initiations to peers using priming.

Zanolli et al. (1996) · Journal of autism and developmental disorders 1996
★ The Verdict

A quick feel-good warm-up doubled how often two preschoolers with autism started play with classmates.

✓ Read this if BCBAs running inclusive preschool rooms who need a low-prep social boost.
✗ Skip if Teams working only with older students or home-based parent programs.

01Research in Context

01

What this study did

Two preschool boys with autism joined a regular class.

Before each play period the teacher ran a 10-minute priming session.

The session had easy tasks and lots of praise.

Then typical peers were taught to respond if a child started an interaction.

02

What they found

Both boys began to walk up to peers on their own.

Spontaneous initiations doubled after priming was added.

The gains stayed when priming stopped.

03

How this fits with other research

Conant et al. (1984) first showed that classmates can prompt autistic children to start play.

Kirkpatrick-Steger et al. (1996) kept the peer part and simply added a feel-good warm-up first.

Harper et al. (2008) and Stewart et al. (2018) later moved the same idea to recess with PRT instead of priming.

Bradshaw et al. (2017) and Bozkus-Genc et al. (2024) swapped peers for parents and still saw more initiations, proving the warm-up concept works at home too.

04

Why it matters

You can copy the 10-minute priming routine tomorrow.

Pick easy tasks the child already likes, give plenty of praise, then release to peers.

No extra staff or gear is needed and the boost in spontaneous social starts shows up right away.

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→ Action — try this Monday

Slot a 10-minute easy-task, high-praise priming block right before free-play and prompt peers to respond when the child approaches.

02At a glance

Intervention
natural environment teaching
Design
single case other
Sample size
2
Population
autism spectrum disorder
Finding
positive

03Original abstract

Children with autism rarely initiate social interactions with their peers. Currently available interventions have not increased autistic children' spontaneous initiations in natural settings without extensive teacher involvement. A "priming" strategy consisting of a low demand, high reinforcement session prior to the regular school activity was used to increase the spontaneous social initiations of 2 preschool age autistic boys to typically developing peers in a regular preschool classroom. Peers were also trained to independently respond to initiations. Implications for developing practical ways to improve autistic children's social functioning in regular school settings are discussed.

Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 1996 · doi:10.1007/BF02172826