Autism & Developmental

Snoezelen multi-sensory environments: task engagement and generalization.

Kaplan et al. (2006) · Research in developmental disabilities 2006
★ The Verdict

A quick Snoezelen session can give a brief calm boost before work for some clients with severe ID or autism, but teach extra skills if you want the gain to stick.

✓ Read this if BCBAs working with clients who have both autism and severe intellectual disability in day or residential programs.
✗ Skip if BCBAs whose caseload is fully verbal or higher-functioning clients who do not use sensory rooms.

01Research in Context

01

What this study did

Researchers tested a Snoezelen room with three clients who had autism and severe intellectual disability. The room had soft lights, gentle sounds, and interesting textures to touch.

Each client spent short sessions inside. Staff then watched how the clients acted during later work tasks. They wanted to see if the calm room carried over to better engagement.

02

What they found

Two of the three clients worked harder and showed less challenging behavior on days after a Snoezelen visit. The third client did not change much.

The benefit looked like a short 'afterglow' rather than a long-term fix.

03

How this fits with other research

Andronis et al. (1997) got a similar lift in mood by giving preferred toys during brief 'Fun Time' sessions. Both studies show that sensory pleasure can cut problem behavior in people with profound disabilities.

Crossman et al. (2018) went further. They used backward chaining to teach school-aged kids with autism to play with toys on their own. Their gains lasted without needing a special room each day.

Chandler et al. (1992) showed that teaching self-management let children with autism stay calm and social at home, school, and in the community, even when staff walked away. That generalization beats the short Snoezelen afterglow.

04

Why it matters

Use a Snoezelen room like a quick reset button. Schedule it right before tasks that need calm focus for clients with severe ID or autism. Pair it with data to see who gets the afterglow and who does not. For longer-lasting engagement, layer in teaching strategies such as chaining or self-management instead of relying only on the room.

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Try a five-minute Snoezelen break right before a difficult task; take data on engagement and problem behavior for three days to see if your client gets the afterglow.

02At a glance

Intervention
other
Design
single case other
Sample size
3
Population
autism spectrum disorder, intellectual disability
Finding
positive

03Original abstract

These experiments explored whether behavioral improvements observed during Snoezelen OT treatment sessions carried over to two different settings for three people with moderate/severe intellectual disability, autism and severe challenging behaviors. Experiment 1 explored engagement during a functional task immediately following the treatment sessions while experiment 2 explored changes in the frequencies of challenging behaviors on the days after treatment sessions. Investigators found carryover for two of the three participants to both post-session engagement as well as to the daily frequency of challenging behaviors on days following the OT sessions.

Research in developmental disabilities, 2006 · doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2005.05.007