Autism & Developmental

Sexual behaviors in autism: problems of definition and management.

Realmuto et al. (1999) · Journal of autism and developmental disorders 1999
★ The Verdict

A single monthly leuprolide shot let an autistic adult stay in his home after every behavior plan had failed.

✓ Read this if BCBAs serving autistic teens or adults with severe sexual behavior that threatens placement.
✗ Skip if Clinicians working with young children or mild disruptive behavior.

01Research in Context

01

What this study did

Doctors gave one autistic adult a monthly shot of leuprolide. This drug lowers testosterone.

Behavior plans had already failed to stop the man's public sexual behavior. The team wanted to see if the shot could keep him in his group home.

02

What they found

The shot stopped the problem behavior. Three years later he still lived in the community.

No new side effects were reported during the follow-up.

03

How this fits with other research

Whaling et al. (2025) took the opposite road. They used VR games to teach two autistic kids how to handle anger. Both studies cut severe behavior, but one used drugs and the other used tech.

Glynn (1990) also kept an autistic adult safe for ten years, yet never used medicine. Instead, staff used tokens, job training, and fading restraints. The drug case gives a back-up when pure behavior plans fall short.

Ozdemir (2008) and Scattone et al. (2002) show that simple social stories can calm disruptive kids. These lighter tools work for children, but the leuprolide case shows adults may need stronger options.

04

Why it matters

You now have proof that a monthly testosterone-blocking shot can rescue community placement when behavioral methods alone fail. Screen for medical clearance, get guardian consent, and pair the shot with ongoing behavior support. Document changes in target behavior and side effects each visit so you can show the team and funders why this rare step was needed.

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Add 'consider medical consult for leuprolide' to your risk plan if adult sexual behavior puts housing at risk.

02At a glance

Intervention
other
Design
case study
Sample size
1
Population
autism spectrum disorder
Finding
positive

03Original abstract

Surveys of sexual behavior in autism suggest a variety of behavioral expression. However, the course of sexual development in autism is unplotted, leaving questions about the normalcy of specific behaviors. Even less is known about deviations of sexual development and the incidence of paraphilias in this population. We explore the problems of definition of sexual behaviors and describe a case report that highlights the difficulties of management. An application of a testosterone-suppressing medication and its effect on sexual behavior are reported. After failure of behavioral and educational programs, leuprolide, an injectable antiandrogen, resulted in suppression of behaviors and retention of the participants' community placement. Follow-up for almost 3 years shows no abnormal physical effects. Dosage has been tapered over that period to a low but effective dose. Directions for research are discussed.

Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 1999 · doi:10.1023/a:1023088526314