Autism & Developmental

School based cognitive behavioural therapy targeting anxiety in children with autistic spectrum disorder: a quasi-experimental randomised controlled trail incorporating a mixed methods approach.

Clarke et al. (2017) · Journal of autism and developmental disorders 2017
★ The Verdict

School CBT cuts anxiety in autistic students and the skills stick, especially when taught where stress hits.

✓ Read this if BCBAs serving upper elementary and middle-school students with autism in public schools.
✗ Skip if Clinic-based BCBAs who only see preschoolers.

01Research in Context

01

What this study did

Clarke et al. (2017) tested a school-based CBT program for anxiety in children with autism.

Kids got weekly lessons in their own classrooms during the school day.

The team checked anxiety levels before, after, and again later to see if gains stuck.

02

What they found

Students who got the lessons showed less anxiety and stronger coping skills.

The benefits were still there weeks after the last session.

Teachers kept using the tools without extra help.

03

How this fits with other research

Reaven et al. (2024) ran a tougher study and got the same good news. Their train-the-trainer model lets regular school staff run the groups, so you don’t need outside experts.

Subramaniam et al. (2023) looks like a clash: hospital-based group CBT barely moved the needle. The gap is about place. Kids use new skills more when they practice where the anxiety happens—math class, not a clinic couch.

Cox et al. (2015) showed CBT gains can last over a year, backing Chris’s follow-up data and hinting that booster sessions keep the win alive.

04

Why it matters

You can pitch CBT right in the classroom. No buses, no pull-outs. Train a counselor or aide once, then run small groups each term. Track anxiety with simple teacher checklists. If numbers slip later, add a quick booster instead of starting over.

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→ Action — try this Monday

Pick one anxious student, teach the STOP plan (Stop, Think, Options, Proceed) in the hallway before math, and tally calm vs. upset minutes.

02At a glance

Intervention
other
Design
quasi experimental
Population
autism spectrum disorder
Finding
positive

03Original abstract

Children with a diagnosis of autism are more likely to experience anxiety than their typically developing peers. Research suggests that Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) could offer a way to help children with autism manage their anxiety but most evidence is based on clinical trials. This study investigated a school-based CBT programme using a quasi-experimental design incorporating the child and parent versions of the Spence Children's Anxiety Scale (Spence, J Abnorm Psy 106(2):280-297, 1997) and the Coping Scale for Children and Youth (Brodzinsky et al., J Appl Dev Psychol 13:195-214, 1992). Interview data was incorporated to help understand the process of change further. Children in the experimental condition had lower levels of anxiety, maintained at follow-up and changes were found in coping behaviours such as lower behavioural avoidance strategies but increased problem solving strategies at follow-up. Limitations of the research together with future directions are also discussed.

Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 2017 · doi:10.1007/s10803-016-2801-x