Autism & Developmental

Randomised Controlled Trial of a Therapeutic Playgroup for Children with Developmental Delays.

Armstrong et al. (2021) · Journal of autism and developmental disorders 2021
★ The Verdict

An 8-week parent-child playgroup lifts individual goal attainment and family support for preschoolers with developmental delays.

✓ Read this if BCBAs running early-intervention groups in clinic or community rooms.
✗ Skip if Teams that only serve school-age clients or lack group space.

01Research in Context

01

What this study did

Jodie and her team ran an 8-week playgroup called LEaP. Kids with developmental delays came with their parents.

Each week the group played games tied to the child’s own goals. Parents watched therapists, then tried the games themselves.

The study used a coin flip to pick who joined LEaP first and who stayed on the wait list.

02

What they found

Kids in LEaP reached more of their personal goals than wait-list kids. The edge lasted 28 weeks.

Parents also said they felt more supported. Yet both groups felt the same stress.

03

How this fits with other research

Tiede et al. (2019) pooled 27 play-based studies and found small-to-medium gains across language, play, and social skills. LEaP’s single trial lands inside that range.

Morgan et al. (2016) moved the same idea to babies at risk for cerebral palsy. Their GAME program lifted motor and cognitive scores, showing the playgroup model can start even earlier.

Cohen et al. (2018) tested Meta-play, a home version of parent-led games. Parents liked it and saw fewer autism symptoms. LEaP keeps the parent role but adds group peer time.

Rieth et al. (2025) ran a larger RCT of Project ImPACT. They also saw better parent skills yet no added child communication gains. LEaP’s mixed child-parent pattern now looks typical, not weak.

04

Why it matters

You now have a short, manualised playgroup that fits inside a typical school term. Use it when families ask for something social that still targets individual goals. Start each session with the child’s own goal sheet, let parents practice, and track progress weekly. The format works for developmental delay, not just autism, so you can open seats to a wider pool.

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Pick one current client goal, turn it into a 10-minute play station, and invite the parent to run it while you coach.

02At a glance

Intervention
other
Design
randomized controlled trial
Sample size
71
Population
developmental delay
Finding
positive

03Original abstract

A single-blind randomised control trial investigated the effectiveness of the Learn, Engage and Play (LEaP) playgroup. Seventy-one children with developmental delay were randomly allocated to an 8-week LEaP playgroup or control group and followed up at 12 and 28 weeks. On the primary outcome measure, LEaP demonstrated significant within group changes at 28 weeks (parenting distress p = 0.018) but no between group changes. On secondary outcome measures, at 12 weeks LEaP produced significantly better outcomes than control in goal achievement (performance p = 0.022; function p = 0.008) and family-support (p = 0.024), with LEaP continuing to demonstrate significantly better goal achievement (child performance p = 0.042; function p = 0.012) at 28 weeks. Findings indicate LEaP may assist in improving family-support and goal achievement outcomes for children with developmental delays.

Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 2021 · doi:10.1111/ijsw.12361