Research Cluster

Motor Planning and Movement in Autism

This cluster looks at how kids with autism plan and do body movements like catching, writing, or passing a toy. It shows they often move like much younger kids and need extra help seeing and using visual cues. BCBAs can use these facts to add simple motor goals and visual prompts to ABA plans, making play and daily skills easier and more fun.

96articles
1983–2026year range
5key findings
Key Findings

What 96 articles tell us

  1. Motor delays in autism widen relative to peers during adolescence, especially for strength, so embedding motor activities in teen programs is important.
  2. Motor and communication skills are tightly linked in minimally speaking autistic children, and targeting both domains together may accelerate communication gains.
  3. Autistic children may learn motor skills better through implicit methods — like external-focus cues — rather than explicit step-by-step instructions.
  4. Slower walking pace in autistic toddlers signals lags in communication and adaptive skills even when walking milestones appear on time.
  5. Motor stereotypies are present in over half of autistic children, with the highest burden in younger, nonverbal, and more severely affected individuals.
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Frequently Asked Questions

Common questions from BCBAs and RBTs

Motor delays in autism are common and affect daily living, communication, and adaptive behavior. They also tend to widen with age if not addressed. BCBAs who screen for motor challenges and include motor goals in plans get better overall outcomes for clients.

Research shows that for minimally speaking autistic children, motor ability and communication are closely connected. Targeting both at the same time — rather than focusing only on communication — may speed progress in both areas.

Use implicit learning methods when possible, such as external-focus instructions and analogy cues, rather than detailed verbal step-by-step explanations. Autistic learners often respond better to 'reach toward the target' than 'extend your arm at a 45-degree angle.'

Not necessarily. Research shows motor stereotypies are very common in autism and are often higher in younger, nonverbal, and more severely affected individuals. Before targeting a stereotypy for reduction, weigh its function and whether reducing it would meaningfully improve the person's life.

Yes. Research shows that slower walking pace in autistic toddlers — even when they walk on schedule — predicts later lags in communication and adaptive skills. Early motor assessment can give you a useful window into a child's broader developmental trajectory.