MMR-vaccine and regression in autism spectrum disorders: negative results presented from Japan.
Japan’s natural experiment shows the MMR shot does not make autism regression more likely.
01Research in Context
What this study did
Japan stopped using the MMR shot in 1992. Tokio et al. used that break to ask a simple question.
They looked at kids who got the shot before the stop, kids who got it during, and kids born after. Then they counted how many lost skills.
The design is called a natural experiment. The country, not the scientists, decided who was exposed.
What they found
Regression rates stayed flat. Kids with autism lost words or play skills just as often in the no-shot years as in the shot years.
The shot did not push any child over a cliff.
How this fits with other research
Cheslack-Postava et al. (2021) did the same trick in Finland. They used blood cotinine instead of shot records. Moms who smoked more did not have more autistic kids. Both studies show the same flat line.
Tsujiguchi et al. (2023) looked at Japanese kids again, but for food, not shots. Kids with more autistic traits ate fewer vitamins. That paper and this one together paint Japan as a place where simple causes keep failing to show up.
Song et al. (2024) hunted inside the brain. They found no chemical gap in GABA or glutathione between autistic and typical kids. Tokio et al. found no outside trigger. Inside and outside, the null keeps repeating.
Why it matters
Parents still ask, “Did the shot do this?” You can now say, “Japan tried to prove it and got nothing.” Use the paper as a two-minute story. Show the graph of flat regression lines. Move the visit back to skills teaching, not blame hunting.
Get CEUs on This Topic — Free
The ABA Clubhouse has 60+ on-demand CEUs including ethics, supervision, and clinical topics like this one. Plus a new live CEU every Wednesday.
Print the flat-line graph from Tokio et al. and tape it inside your parent binder.
02At a glance
03Original abstract
It has been suggested that the measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine (MMR) is a cause of regressive autism. As MMR was used in Japan only between 1989 and 1993, this time period affords a natural experiment to examine this hypothesis. Data on 904 patients with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) were analyzed. During the period of MMR usage no significant difference was found in the incidence of regression between MMR-vaccinated children and non-vaccinated children. Among the proportion and incidence of regression across the three MMR-program-related periods (before, during and after MMR usage), no significant difference was found between those who had received MMR and those who had not. Moreover, the incidence of regression did not change significantly across the three periods.
Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 2007 · doi:10.1007/s10803-006-0157-3