Autism & Developmental

Long-term outcome of social skills intervention based on interactive LEGO play.

Legoff et al. (2006) · Autism : the international journal of research and practice 2006
★ The Verdict

LEGO therapy beats regular social-skills class over three years, and the same idea works with peers, parents, or STEM kits.

✓ Read this if BCBAs running social groups for school-age autistic kids in clinics, schools, or homes.
✗ Skip if Clinicians who only serve infants or non-autistic clients.

01Research in Context

01

What this study did

The team ran LEGO therapy groups for autistic kids. They compared the kids to a matched group who got usual social-skills help.

The study lasted three years. Social skills were checked with the same test at the start and end.

02

What they found

Kids in LEGO groups gained more social points than the control kids. The gap stayed wide after three years.

Parents and teachers saw the same gains the test scores showed.

03

How this fits with other research

Hu et al. (2018) extends these results. They swapped adult leaders for typical peers in a preschool. LEGO play still lifted social bids and replies.

Peckett et al. (2016) extends the idea again. Moms ran the LEGO club at home. They saw warmer sibling bonds in just six weeks.

Da et al. (2025) swaps bricks for STEM kits. Collaborative STEM builds also raised social skills and cut meltdowns. The tool changes; peer teamwork stays key.

04

Why it matters

You do not need a fancy clinic. Use LEGO, STEM kits, or any joint build project. Pair the child with one peer, sibling, or parent. Let them share pieces and talk through plans. Track social starts and responses for ten minutes. You should see more back-and-forth in a month.

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Start a 20-minute peer LEGO session: two kids, one kit, clear roles (supplier, builder, helper), swap roles every five minutes.

02At a glance

Intervention
other
Design
quasi experimental
Sample size
60
Population
autism spectrum disorder
Finding
positive
Magnitude
medium

03Original abstract

LEGO building materials have been adapted as a therapeutic modality for increasing motivation to participate in social skills intervention, and providing a medium through which children with social and communication handicaps can effectively interact. A 3 year retrospective study of long-term outcome for autistic spectrum children participating in LEGO therapy (N = 60) compared Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale socialization domain (VABS-SD) and Gilliam Autism Rating Scale social interaction subscale (GARS-SI) scores preand post-treatment with a matched comparison sample (N = 57) who received comparable non-LEGO therapy. Although both groups made significant gains on the two outcome measures, LEGO participants improved significantly more than the comparison subjects. Diagnosis and pre-treatment full-scale IQ scores did not predict outcome scores; however, Vineland adaptive behavior composite, Vineland communication domain, and verbal IQ all predicted outcome on the VABS-SD, especially for the LEGO therapy group. Results are discussed in terms of implications for methods of social skills intervention for autistic spectrum disorders.

Autism : the international journal of research and practice, 2006 · doi:10.1177/1362361306064403