Autism & Developmental

Leisure activities in Prader-Wili syndrome: implications for health, cognition and adaptive functioning.

Dykens (2014) · Journal of autism and developmental disorders 2014
★ The Verdict

Trade TV time for active or interactive games to cut weight and raise thinking skills in Prader-Willi syndrome.

✓ Read this if BCBAs serving school-age or adult clients with Prader-Willi syndrome in home or residential settings.
✗ Skip if Clinicians who only treat infants or who lack leisure-time program control.

01Research in Context

01

What this study did

The team sent a survey to families of people with Prader-Willi syndrome. They asked how much time each person spent on TV, physical games, and computer games. They also recorded BMI, IQ, and daily-living scores.

Then they looked for links between leisure choices and health or thinking skills.

02

What they found

More TV time went hand-in-hand with higher weight and stronger food compulsions. Active play and computer games were tied to higher IQ and better daily-living skills.

In short, passive screen time predicted problems, while interactive play predicted strengths.

03

How this fits with other research

Alaimo et al. (2015) extends these results. Their RCT shows that starting growth-hormone early in infancy lifts adaptive scores years later. Together the papers say: build skills with both medical and daily-life choices.

Diaz (2020) broadens the message. In a large adult-ID sample, even ten extra minutes of leisure walking cut mortality risk. The same active habit that helps cognition in PWS may also add years of life.

Jin et al. (2020) add a twist that looks like a clash but is not. They link growth-hormone therapy to better caregiver well-being, while Dykens (2014) links active games to better client skills. Both can be true: hormone treatment helps mood, and leisure choices help thinking.

04

Why it matters

You cannot prescribe growth hormone, but you can control what happens during downtime. Swap thirty minutes of TV for a motion game or a walk. This single change may lower BMI, curb food seeking, and lift IQ and adaptive scores. Track the switch for one week and share the data with parents and physicians.

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→ Action — try this Monday

Program a 20-minute Wii or walk session right before the usual TV hour and graph BMI and prompt compliance for one week.

02At a glance

Intervention
not applicable
Design
survey
Sample size
123
Population
developmental delay
Finding
not reported

03Original abstract

Although hyperphagia and compulsivity in Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) are well described, recreation and adaptive skills are relatively unexplored. Parents of 123 participants with PWS (4-48 years) completed measures of their child's adaptive, recreation, and problem behaviors. Offspring received cognitive testing. Watching TV was the most frequent recreational activity, and was associated with compulsivity and skin picking. BMIs were negatively correlated with physical play, and highest in those who watched TV and played computer games. Computer games and physical activities were associated with higher IQ and adaptive scores. People with PWS and other disabilities need to watch less TV and be more engaged in physical activities, games, and leisure pursuits that are fun, and may bring cognitive or adaptive advantages.

Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 2014 · doi:10.1007/s10803-012-1462-7