Influence of Neighborhood Environment on Physical Activity Participation among Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder.
For kids with ASD, feeling safe beats having shiny equipment—choose safe spaces first.
01Research in Context
What this study did
The team asked parents how safe their neighborhood felt. They also counted nearby playgrounds and sports fields.
Kids with autism wore activity trackers for one week. The study looked at which neighborhood features matched more steps.
What they found
Only safety mattered. Kids in areas rated "very safe" logged more movement.
Playgrounds, parks, and social clubs showed no link to activity levels.
How this fits with other research
Yuill et al. (2007) saw big gains after rebuilding one playground. Their single-case design focused on one place, while Shawler et al. (2021) sampled many neighborhoods. Different methods, different answers.
Koh (2024) and Chan et al. (2021) pooled exercise trials and found social boosts after 12-plus-week programs. They prove planned activity helps; the target paper shows everyday activity hinges on feeling safe.
Hu et al. (2025) add a parent angle: moms and dads who make step-by-step plans double their support. Combine both lessons—coach parents to plan walks in places the child already feels safe.
Why it matters
You can’t redesign a whole city, but you can pick safer routes and times. Start sessions in quiet streets or fenced yards where the child feels calm. Track steps for a week; if numbers climb, you’ve found your "safe zone." Share that spot with parents so practice continues after you leave.
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02At a glance
03Original abstract
Despite the positive influence of environmental factors on physical activity (PA) levels of children, further investigation is necessary when considering the unique characteristics of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between neighborhood environment factors and PA among children with ASD by examining the extent to which (a) the built environment, (b) neighborhood safety, and (c) neighborhood support contributes to PA. A secondary data analysis using the 2016 and 2017 combined dataset of the National Survey of Children's Health was used. The total sample included 14,944 children between the ages of 6-17 years; of this, a sample of 494 children had a parent-reported diagnosis of ASD. Multivariate logistic regressions were conducted to explore the unique influences of the above three neighborhood environment factors on PA engagement. Among children with and without ASD, an association was found between feeling safe and engaging in PA, that is, the odds of engaging in PA are greater among children who were safe in their neighborhoods than children who were not in safe neighborhoods. Surprisingly, other neighborhood factors do not have a significant relationship with PA participation among children with ASD at this time. Future studies should consider how to incorporate the support of others and feeling of safety into the neighborhood along with how to improve accessibility of the built environment in order to increase PA for children with ASD. LAY SUMMARY: The results of this study showed that neighborhood factors influence physical activity (PA) among children with ASD differently compared to their peers without ASD. Children with ASD who live in safe neighborhoods are more likely to engage in PA, while other neighborhood factors, such as playgrounds and support, are not associated with an increased likelihood of engaging in PA at this time. Efforts should be made to improve neighborhood accessibility and design in order to increase PA among children with ASD.
Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research, 2021 · doi:10.1002/aur.2445