Autism & Developmental

Individualized Levels System and Systematic Stimulus Pairing to Reduce Multiply Controlled Aggression of a Child With Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Randall et al. (2018) · Behavior modification 2018
★ The Verdict

Tokens plus caregiver praise pairing cut multiply controlled aggression in an autistic child and left control with the adults.

✓ Read this if BCBAs treating autistic children whose aggression has many triggers.
✗ Skip if Clinicians looking for group-design evidence or severe-behavior cases that need physical management.

01Research in Context

01

What this study did

The team worked with one 11-year-old autistic girl who hit, kicked, and bit for many reasons. They built a three-level token board just for her. She moved up levels by keeping her hands and feet safe.

Next, they paired her mom and teacher with the tokens. The adults gave tokens and praise together until the praise alone could calm her. This transfer step is called stimulus pairing.

02

What they found

Aggression dropped fast once the girl could earn tokens for safe behavior. When praise alone took over, the low aggression stayed. Mom and teacher could now manage her without the board.

03

How this fits with other research

Jenkins et al. (1973) showed that preschool teachers could flip aggression up or down just by giving or withholding attention. Cohen et al. (2018) adds a token layer and then hands that same adult power to caregivers through pairing.

Lloyd et al. (1969) used timeout plus rewards to stop severe aggression in an institutional ward. The new study skips timeout and still wins, showing a milder, family-friendly path.

Fernand et al. (2023) cut aggression with functional communication training and schedule thinning. Both studies use single-case designs and thin rewards, but Fernand relies on talking while R et al. relies on tokens and praise pairing.

04

Why it matters

You can run this package in any home or classroom. Build a quick levels board, teach the child to earn tokens for zero aggression, then pair caregiver praise with the tokens. Once praise alone works, you can fade the board and keep the peace. No seclusion, no extra staff, just caregiver voices running the show.

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Make a 3-level token board, deliver tokens and loud praise together, then drop tokens once praise alone keeps hands safe.

02At a glance

Intervention
token economy
Design
single case other
Sample size
1
Population
autism spectrum disorder
Finding
positive

03Original abstract

Research has shown that physical aggression is common in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Interventions for multiply controlled aggression may be complex and difficult to implement with fidelity. As a result, the probability of treatment efficacy for this class of behavior may suffer. We designed an individualized levels system to reduce the physical aggression of an 11-year-old female with ASD. We then employed a systematic stimulus pairing procedure to facilitate generalization. Results suggest individualized levels systems can suppress multiply controlled aggression and that systematic stimulus pairing is an effective way to transfer treatment effects from trained therapists to caregivers.

Behavior modification, 2018 · doi:10.1177/0145445517741473