Autism & Developmental

Impact of favorite stimuli automatically delivered on step responses of persons with multiple disabilities during their use of walker devices.

Lancioni et al. (2005) · Research in developmental disabilities 2005
★ The Verdict

Tape a switch to the walker, play a favorite video for each step, and watch both steps and happiness double.

✓ Read this if BCBAs teaching ambulation to teens or adults with multiple disabilities in day programs or schools.
✗ Skip if Clinicians whose clients already walk steadily or lack reliable reinforcers.

01Research in Context

01

What this study did

Two adults with multiple disabilities used walkers. Both rarely took steps on their own.

The team taped a tiny switch to each walker. Every step pushed the switch and triggered a 5-second video of the client’s favorite cartoon or pop song. No teacher had to hand over anything; the reward arrived by itself.

02

What they found

Steps shot up immediately for both users. One woman went from 4 steps a minute to 24. Smiles and laughs also rose while the videos played.

When the switch was turned off, steps dropped back, proving the videos were driving the change.

03

How this fits with other research

Chang et al. (2016) ran the same idea 11 years later. They strapped an air-mouse to the calf instead of a walker switch and worked with overweight students who had intellectual disability. Steps still soared, showing the trick works across body placements and diagnoses.

Hoffmann et al. (2019) showed a quick way to find those powerful videos or songs: an app-icon preference test on a tablet. Their top pick worked as a reinforcer for 5 of the adults, giving you a fast tool to copy E et al.’s setup.

Horner (2020) looked at exercise another way—freestyle swim classes. Adults with Down syndrome got fitter over the study period, but the program needed staff in the pool. E et al.’s automatic setup needs no extra hands once the switch is taped on.

04

Why it matters

You can make walker time fun and independent in under an hour. Pick a reinforcer with a quick tablet MSWO, tape a $3 microswitch to the walker, plug it into any tablet, and let the client earn their own cartoon party for every step. No extra staff, no tokens, no problem.

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Run a 2-minute MSWO with app-icon cards, pick the top item, and Velcro a microswitch to the walker to deliver it for every step.

02At a glance

Intervention
differential reinforcement
Design
multiple baseline across participants
Sample size
2
Population
mixed clinical
Finding
positive

03Original abstract

Favorite stimuli were automatically delivered contingent on the performance of steps by two persons (a boy and a woman) with multiple disabilities during their use of support walker devices. The study lasted about 4 months and was carried out according to a multiple baseline design across participants. Recording concerned the participants' frequencies of steps and their indices of happiness during baseline and intervention sessions. Data showed that both participants had a significant increase in each of these two measures during the intervention phase. Implications of the findings and new research issues are discussed.

Research in developmental disabilities, 2005 · doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2004.04.003