Autism & Developmental

Dog-Assisted Therapy vs Relaxation for Children and Adolescents with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder: A Randomized Controlled Study.

Vidal et al. (2024) · Journal of autism and developmental disorders 2024
★ The Verdict

One hour of dog-assisted therapy each week cut behavior problems and lifted social skills for kids with FASD better than relaxation alone.

✓ Read this if BCBAs serving children with FASD in clinic, school, or outpatient settings.
✗ Skip if Practitioners who lack access to certified therapy-animal teams.

01Research in Context

01

What this study did

Researchers split the kids with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder into two groups. One group spent one hour a week playing and training with a therapy dog. The other group spent the same hour doing quiet relaxation exercises.

The program lasted 12 weeks. Parents filled out checklists about behavior, mood, and social skills before and after.

02

What they found

Kids who worked with the dog showed medium-sized drops in hitting, yelling, and rule-breaking. They also gained social skills and felt happier.

The relaxation group improved only a little. The dog group beat them on every measure.

03

How this fits with other research

Chan et al. (2021) pooled 12 exercise studies for autistic kids and saw small-to-medium social gains. Raquel’s dog therapy matches those gains, but for kids with FASD instead of autism.

Loukus (2015) simply asked parents of autistic children if they owned dogs. Families with dogs rated their kids as slightly more social. Raquel’s trial moves from “having a pet” to real therapy sessions and still lifts social skills.

Tse (2020) showed 12 weeks of jogging cut behavior problems in autistic children. Raquel got similar behavior drops using dogs instead of running, hinting that fun movement with an animal works as well as plain exercise.

04

Why it matters

You now have a ready-made option for clients with FASD who hate exercise or groups. One hour a week with a certified therapy dog team can trim problem behavior and boost social bids. If you work in a clinic or school, partner with a local assistance-dog group and schedule a pilot block of 12 sessions. Track parent ratings before and after—you may see the same medium gains without adding staff hours.

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→ Action — try this Monday

Call a local therapy-dog group and set a 12-week pilot for one client with FASD—track parent behavior checklists pre- and post-sessions.

02At a glance

Intervention
other
Design
randomized controlled trial
Sample size
71
Population
developmental delay
Finding
positive
Magnitude
medium

03Original abstract

The rationale of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of Dog-assisted Therapy (DAT) in children and adolescents with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD). We conducted a randomized controlled trial in a cohort of 71 children and adolescents with FASD. Participants were randomly assigned either to DAT group (n = 38) or Relaxation Group (control group) (n = 33). Results revealed that participants who were assigned to the DAT group experienced significantly reduced externalizing symptoms (CBCL Externalizing Inattention: t (69) = 2.81, p = .007; d = 0.7); CBCL Opposition: t (69) = 2.54, p = .013; d = 0.6), reduced internalizing symptoms (CBCL Social problems: t (69) = 3.21, p = .002; d = 0.8) as well as improvements on social skills (SSIS-P Problem behavior: t (68) = 2.55, p = .013; d = 0.6), and quality of life (KidScreen Autonomy and Parents: t (51) = - 2.03, p = .047; d = 0.5) compared to the relaxation control group. The relaxation control group obtained significant differences between the pre- and post-treatment evaluation, diminishing withdraw symptoms (t (32) = 3.03, p = .005; d = 0.2). Results suggest that DAT and relaxation may be promising adjunctive treatments for children and adolescents with FASD.Clinical trial registration information: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ ; NCT04038164.

Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 2024 · doi:10.1097/DBP.0000000000000440