Autism & Developmental

Children with autism spectrum disorder have an exceptional explanatory drive.

Rutherford et al. (2016) · Autism : the international journal of research and practice 2016
★ The Verdict

Hand a child with autism a jammed wind-up toy and watch their own questions power the lesson.

✓ Read this if BCBAs running naturalistic or play-based sessions with school-age kids.
✗ Skip if Clinicians who only teach verbal routines with no object component.

01Research in Context

01

What this study did

The team watched kids with autism try to solve puzzles that had no real answer.

Some puzzles were physical, like a broken toy. Others were social, like a story with a weird ending.

They counted how many times each child asked why, tested ideas, or tried to fix the problem.

02

What they found

Kids with autism asked more questions and poked at the broken toy longer than typical kids.

When the puzzle was social, both groups acted the same.

The drive to explain only sped up for the physical stuff.

03

How this fits with other research

Binnie et al. (2003) saw the same edge years earlier: kids with autism scored higher on intuitive physics tasks.

Frampton et al. (2018) turned this strength into a lesson plan. They taught three children to explain how things work and the kids kept using the skill on new tasks.

Lu et al. (2019) seems to clash. They found social context slows rule learning in autism. The studies differ because D et al. looked at curiosity, not learning speed. The social puzzles never triggered the extra drive, so no conflict exists.

04

Why it matters

Use broken toys, gears, or marble runs to spark questions during sessions. Let the learner take apart the item and test ideas. Keep social stories for teaching other skills; they will not wake up the same engine.

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→ Action — try this Monday

Place a toy that can break safely in the play area; wait for "why" or "fix it" and shape the explanation.

02At a glance

Intervention
not applicable
Design
quasi experimental
Population
autism spectrum disorder
Finding
positive

03Original abstract

An "explanatory drive" motivates children to explain ambiguity. Individuals with autism spectrum disorders are interested in how systems work, but it is unknown whether they have an explanatory drive. We presented children with and without autism spectrum disorder unsolvable problems in a physical and in a social context and evaluated problem-solving and explanation-seeking responses. In the physical context (but not the social context), the children with autism spectrum disorder showed a stronger explanatory drive than controls. Importantly, the number of explanatory behaviors made by children with autism spectrum disorder in the social context was independent of social and communicative impairments. Children with autism spectrum disorder did not show an exceptional explanatory drive in the social domain. These results suggest that children with autism spectrum disorder have an explanatory drive and that the explanatory drive may be domain specific.

Autism : the international journal of research and practice, 2016 · doi:10.1177/1362361315605973