Autism & Developmental

Autism does not Dictate Children's Lack of Sharing in a Prosocial Choice Test.

Townsend et al. (2021) · Journal of autism and developmental disorders 2021
★ The Verdict

Autistic preschoolers share toys as readily as neurotypical peers when the other child is physically present.

✓ Read this if BCBAs running early-childhood social-skills groups or preschool classrooms.
✗ Skip if Clinicians who work only with school-age fluency or self-help goals.

01Research in Context

01

What this study did

Laina and colleagues ran a sharing game with preschoolers. Half of the kids had autism. Half were neurotypical.

Each child got two stickers and could give one to another child. Sometimes the other child sat right across the table. Sometimes the child was in another room. The team counted how often each group shared.

02

What they found

Autistic and neurotypical preschoolers shared at the same rate. Both groups gave away a sticker more often when the other child could see them.

Having autism did not lower sharing. Being watched raised sharing for everyone.

03

How this fits with other research

O'Connor et al. (2024) later tested autistic adults with money instead of stickers. The adults actually gave more to strangers than non-autistic adults. Together the two studies show prosocial behavior can stay the same or even grow stronger with age.

Schroeder et al. (2014) looked at first-graders and also found typical levels of prosocial acts despite lower perspective-taking scores. The preschool null result lines up with this pattern: sharing is intact even when cognitive empathy lags.

Cage et al. (2013) found autistic adults only boosted donations when future pay-back was made crystal clear. That qualifier is missing in preschool; the kids simply saw a peer. The mixed adult finding helps explain why presence, not reputation rules, drove sharing in the younger group.

04

Why it matters

You can stop assuming autistic preschoolers are naturally less generous. Set up play sessions where peers sit face-to-face. The visual cue is enough to spark typical sharing. Use these moments to practice turn-taking and joint play instead of remedial generosity drills.

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Place the child and a peer at the same small table before handing out materials so the visual presence prompts sharing.

02At a glance

Intervention
not applicable
Design
quasi experimental
Sample size
51
Population
autism spectrum disorder, neurotypical
Finding
null
Magnitude
negligible

03Original abstract

Studies have examined the association between theory of mind (ToM) and prosocial behavior in children with mixed results. A handful of studies have examined prosocial sharing behavior in children with autism, who typically exhibit ToM deficits. Studies using resource allocation tasks have generally failed to find significant differences between the sharing behavior of children with autism and neurotypical children. We presented 18 neurotypical children and 33 children with autism with the Dictator Game. Children had the opportunity to allocate toys in recipient present and absent conditions. Both groups donated more items in the recipient present versus absent condition and chose the prosocial option at above chance levels. Children with autism behave as prosocially as neurotypical children do in this paradigm.

Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 2021 · doi:10.1002/wcs.1431