Autism & Developmental

All-cause mortality and suicide mortality in autistic individuals: An entire population longitudinal study in Taiwan.

Tsai et al. (2023) · Autism : the international journal of research and practice 2023
★ The Verdict

Taiwan’s whole-country data show autistic people die earlier—by suicide, accidents, and natural causes—so clinicians must act early.

✓ Read this if BCBAs serving teens or adults with autism in any setting.
✗ Skip if Practitioners working only with very young children and no transition planning.

01Research in Context

01

What this study did

Tsai et al. (2023) tracked every person with autism in Taiwan for 15 years. They matched each autistic person to four same-age, same-sex people without autism. Then they counted who died and how.

02

What they found

Autistic people died earlier and more often. Suicide hit autistic men hardest. Accidents took the most autistic women. Even natural causes, like heart disease, struck them more often.

03

How this fits with other research

Gillberg et al. (2010) saw the same pattern in a U.S. town years earlier. Their small study warned us; the Taiwan numbers prove it holds across an entire nation.

Akobirshoev et al. (2020) found autistic adults—especially women—are 50 % more likely to die in hospital. Shih-Jen et al. show women also die more outside hospital, mainly from accidents. The two studies line up: women on the spectrum face extra deadly risk everywhere.

Hand et al. (2020) saw high suicide attempts in U.S. autistic adults. Shih-Jen et al. now show those attempts turn into real deaths in Taiwan. Same cliff, sharper drop.

04

Why it matters

You now have population-level proof that your autistic clients may lose years of life. Build suicide-safety plans for teen and adult males. Teach street and home safety skills to females. Add regular health screens for all. These steps can bend the curve.

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Add one question about suicidal thoughts to your adult male clients’ check-in and one safety skill drill for female clients.

02At a glance

Intervention
not applicable
Design
other
Sample size
45398
Population
autism spectrum disorder
Finding
negative

03Original abstract

Our study was the first population-based study in an Asian country to investigate the mortality rates among autistic individuals. Among the entire Taiwanese population (N = 29,253,529), between 2003 and 2017, 45,398 autistic individuals were identified and 1:4 age-/sex-matched to 181,592 non-autistic individuals. We found that autistic individuals had increased risks of all-cause mortality, natural-cause mortality, and suicide mortality compared with non-autistic individuals. Furthermore, autistic males were more likely to die by suicide, and autistic females were more likely to die of accident compared with the non-autistic individuals.

Autism : the international journal of research and practice, 2023 · doi:10.1177/13623613231167287