Assessment & Research

Symbols can improve the reading comprehension of adults with learning disabilities.

Jones et al. (2007) · Journal of intellectual disability research : JIDR 2007
★ The Verdict

Picture symbols above key words instantly lift reading comprehension for adults with mild learning disabilities.

✓ Read this if BCBAs teaching daily-living or vocational literacy to adults with intellectual disability.
✗ Skip if Clinicians whose caseload is only verbal, grade-level readers.

01Research in Context

01

What this study did

Researchers added Widgit Rebus symbols above every content word in short reading passages. Adults with mild or borderline learning disabilities read the same passages twice—once with symbols and once without.

The team used an alternating-treatments design. Each adult read different passages in each condition across several sessions.

02

What they found

Comprehension scores jumped when symbols were present. Adults answered more questions correctly after reading the symbol-filled pages.

The gain showed up for every participant. Symbols gave an immediate boost with no extra training.

03

How this fits with other research

Castañe et al. (1993) watched adults with ID struggle to notice confusing parts of text. The new study shows that adding pictures can prevent that confusion before it starts.

Kelleher et al. (1987) found that adults with mild ID make unclear references when they retell stories. Symbols now give them clearer visual anchors while they read.

Wanchisen et al. (1989) boosted comprehension by changing how text was read aloud. Jones et al. (2007) prove you can also boost comprehension by changing how text looks on the page.

04

Why it matters

If you support adult learners with ID, you can slide free Rebus symbols into any handout, menu, or workplace manual right now. No extra sessions, no special software—just print and hand over. Expect better recall of safety rules, medication steps, or job tasks the same day.

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Download the free Widgit symbol set, add symbols to your next data-sheet or social story, and quiz comprehension before and after.

02At a glance

Intervention
other
Design
alternating treatments
Sample size
19
Population
intellectual disability
Finding
positive

03Original abstract

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to test the hypothesis that adding symbols to written text can improve its comprehensibility for adults with learning disabilities. METHODS: Nineteen adults with mild or borderline learning disabilities attempted to read four short passages of text, two of which had Widgit Rebus symbols added to them. Following each passage, they were asked questions to test their comprehension. A counterbalanced design was employed. RESULTS: Participants' comprehension scores were significantly higher for the symbolized passages than the non-symbolized ones. CONCLUSIONS: Adding symbols to written text can make comprehension easier for some adults with mild and borderline learning disabilities. Future research, exploring how to do this most effectively, would be worthwhile.

Journal of intellectual disability research : JIDR, 2007 · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2788.2006.00926.x