Surface electromyography‐based biofeedback and knee rehabilitation: A review of the literature

Armshaw et al. (2023) read every paper on muscle-sensor biofeedback for knee rehab.

They looked at studies where injured knees got biofeedback plus exercise versus exercise alone.

The review did not pool numbers; it just described what each study found.

Adding muscle-sensor feedback to knee exercises may help patients more than exercise alone.

The authors say the signal is promising but warn the evidence is still thin.

No firm effect size was given because the studies used different methods.

Like Rojahn et al. (2012) with robot therapy for autism, this review calls the tech "exploratory."

Both papers say the tools look cool but need stronger trials before wide use.

McDonald et al. (2024) also maps a sparse literature, matching the "more research needed" tone here.

Gasiewski et al. (2021) shows BCBAs already team with OTs; this knee tech could be another joint project.

You probably won’t use muscle sensors for knee rehab, but the paper shows how biofeedback can pair with exercise.

That same logic applies when you add heart-rate feedback to anxiety treatment or EMG feedback to feeding therapy.

Think of it as a reminder: measure the body, give clear feedback, and practice the skill together.