Assessment & Research

Revealed preference between reinforcers used to examine hypotheses about behavioral consistencies.

Tustin (2000) · Behavior modification 2000
★ The Verdict

Plot how responding changes as work increases; the curve shows each learner’s reinforcer ranking.

✓ Read this if BCBAs who pick reinforcers for clients with limited verbal skills.
✗ Skip if Clinicians who already use full progressive-ratio assessments daily.

01Research in Context

01

What this study did

Two adults worked for different reinforcers while the response requirement slowly rose. The researchers plotted how much each person responded as the work got harder.

The curve they drew is called a demand curve. Its shape shows which reinforcer the person truly prefers.

02

What they found

Each adult had a unique curve. One person kept working hardest for chocolate. The other stayed with music clips.

The shape stayed the same when the test was repeated. This hints that reinforcer taste is a stable trait for each learner.

03

How this fits with other research

Hackenberg (1995) first showed how to draw these curves on paper. The 2000 study simply used that recipe with real people.

Poling (2010) later offered a shortcut: keep raising the ratio until the client stops. That single "break point" gives the same rank order faster.

Wallander et al. (1983) looked like they disagreed. They saw preference shift when body weight dropped. But they changed hunger, not work amount. The two papers study different things, so both can be true.

04

Why it matters

You can sketch a tiny demand curve in any session. Start with easy tasks and slowly add more responses. Watch where responding drops off. The reinforcer that survives the highest cost goes to the top of that learner’s list. Use that item first when teaching new skills or treating problem behavior.

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→ Action — try this Monday

Run five easy trials, then require two more responses each round; note when the client slows and rank the reinforcers.

02At a glance

Intervention
not applicable
Design
single case other
Finding
not reported

03Original abstract

New techniques for measuring preference between reinforcers have emerged in a field known as behavioral economics. Preference is assessed from the relative shapes of reinforcer demand functions, shown in graphs in which rate of reinforcement is plotted against schedule requirement. In economic terminology, a schedule requirement sets the price of a reinforcer as it sets the numbers of responses needed to obtain a reinforcer. Relative shapes of demand functions for alternative reinforcers are interpreted using the principle of revealed preference, as the shape of a demand function reflects the numbers of responses emitted to obtain reinforcers at each schedule requirement. Individual preferences between reinforcers are measured from differences in shapes of demand functions. Demand functions from two single subject experiments are examined to assess the hypothesis that individuals may generate differently shaped demand functions for the same reinforcers. It is hypothesized that individual differences in reinforcer preference may be related to consistent differences in behavior such as those observed in personality traits.

Behavior modification, 2000 · doi:10.1177/0145445500243007