Assessment & Research

Minor physical anomalies and behavior in children: a review.

Firestone et al. (1983) · Journal of autism and developmental disorders 1983
★ The Verdict

Tiny body oddities can flag behavior risk in boys, giving you a zero-cost heads-up before formal testing.

✓ Read this if BCBAs who screen young children in clinics or schools.
✗ Skip if Practitioners working only with adult clients or severe genetic syndromes already under medical care.

01Research in Context

01

What this study did

The authors read every paper they could find on small body oddities and child behavior.

They looked at ear shape, finger length, head size, and other tiny birth marks.

The review covered kids with autism, hyperactivity, and typical development.

02

What they found

Boys with more of these small oddities acted out more often.

The link showed up for hyperactivity and developmental delays.

Girls had the same body marks, but their behavior stayed the same.

03

How this fits with other research

Griffith et al. (2012) and Tang et al. (2025) also hunt for early warning signs.

They track preterm birth instead of body marks, yet find the same end point: attention and behavior trouble.

All three papers say: catch the risk early, long before the child fails in school.

English et al. (1995) and Leader et al. (2022) narrow the lens to Angelman syndrome.

They list the exact behaviors you will see; McLean et al. (1983) give you a free way to spot risk in any child.

04

Why it matters

You can do a 30-second body scan during intake. Count curved fingers, low-set ears, or two hair whorls.

If you see three or more in a boy, plan extra baseline data on activity level and self-control.

Share the finding with parents: it is fast, costs nothing, and helps you catch problems before they grow.

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During your next intake, count minor physical anomalies; if you hit three or more in a boy, start a short activity-level probe.

02At a glance

Intervention
not applicable
Design
narrative review
Population
mixed clinical
Finding
not reported

03Original abstract

The recent literature concerning minor physical anomalies (MPA) and their relation to behavior is reviewed. Research seems to indicate that for males there is considerable consistency in the results but the finding with females is tenuous at best. It appears that a high number of MPA are evident in several pathological groups of boys, as compared with normal controls. In addition, there is a suggestion that MPA are correlated with severity of hyperactivity, IQ, and school achievement. Furthermore, there is also a relationship between a high number of MPA and obstetrical complications. The etiology of MPA and their utility in predicting pathological behavior is discussed.

Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 1983 · doi:10.1007/BF01531589