Assessment & Research

Growth and developmental patterns in Prader-Willi syndrome.

Ehara et al. (1993) · Journal of intellectual disability research : JIDR 1993
★ The Verdict

Prader-Willi infants follow a fixed sequence—early failure to thrive, quick obesity, slow milestones—setting the stage for later food seeking and rigid behavior.

✓ Read this if BCBAs serving children or adults with Prader-Willi syndrome in clinic, school, or residential settings.
✗ Skip if Practitioners who only treat typically developing clients with no genetic or feeding issues.

01Research in Context

01

What this study did

Doctors watched 11 babies who have Prader-Willi syndrome. They wrote down when each baby sat, crawled, walked, and gained weight.

The team also checked if the genetic type mattered. They split the babies into two cytogenetic groups and compared their growth curves.

02

What they found

Every baby failed to thrive in the first six months. Around 10–18 months they had a short growth pause, then weight shot up while skills stayed slow.

Developmental quotient averaged about 50. Both genetic subgroups looked the same, so the pattern seems universal.

03

How this fits with other research

Hogg et al. (1995) extends these findings. They showed that after the rapid weight gain, older kids feel full late and weakly, so external food locks are needed.

Eisenhower et al. (2006) and Eugenia Gras et al. (2003) add that preschool and school-age kids soon show strong rituals and insistence on sameness. The combo of slow skills plus rigid routines starts in toddler years and stays.

H-Hatton et al. (2004) track the same cohort into adolescence. They link rising BMI with more tantrums and mood issues, showing the growth curve of Kennedy et al. (1993) feeds later behavior problems.

04

Why it matters

You can now predict the roadmap: poor weight gain, then early obesity, then rituals, then mood swings. Start growth charts at intake, lock food early, and build rigid routines before transitions increase. Share the timeline with parents so they expect each step and partner in prevention.

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→ Action — try this Monday

Plot the client’s weight and milestone history on one sheet, flag the 10–18 month switch point, and secure food storage before the next session.

02At a glance

Intervention
not applicable
Design
case series
Sample size
11
Population
other
Finding
not reported

03Original abstract

Eleven Japanese patients with Prader-Willi syndrome were studied from infancy, and examined with respect to their growth and development. The chromosomal aberration was observed in 40% of the patients using a high-resolution chromosome banding technique. The birth weight in 10 out of the 11 patients was below the mean and the rate of body weight gain was severely retarded by 6 months in all cases, which suggested an insufficient utilization of nutrients in uterine life and in early infancy. The rate of height increase as well as that of body weight increase were also transiently retarded from 10 to 18 months of age in eight cases, and the body weight gain increased dramatically after 10-18 months due to hyperphagia. The patients' mean milestones of development were delayed (the mean developmental quotient was 50) in comparison with those of control patients; there was no difference between the developmental milestones of the two groups with and without the chromosomal aberration.

Journal of intellectual disability research : JIDR, 1993 · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2788.1993.tb00318.x