Assessment & Research

Functional analysis and treatment of problem behavior by domesticated canines

Salzer et al. (2025) · Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis 2025
★ The Verdict

Trial-based FA gives the same function as standard FA for dogs—use it when long sessions are impossible.

✓ Read this if BCBAs who consult for shelters, service-dog programs, or families with problem pets.
✗ Skip if Clinicians who only work with human clients and never touch animal cases.

01Research in Context

01

What this study did

Salzer et al. (2025) ran two kinds of functional analysis on dogs that barked, bit, or jumped.

They compared the usual 15-minute FA sessions with short trial-based probes woven into daily care.

Each dog got both formats; then the team wrote a function-based plan and tracked the bad behavior.

02

What they found

Every dog showed the same function in both formats—attention, escape, or access to treats.

After treatment matched to the function, problem behavior dropped for all dogs.

Trial-based FA gave the same answer as the long version, but took less time and space.

03

How this fits with other research

Griffith et al. (2021) already showed 5-minute human FA sessions match 10-minute ones. Salzer extends the shortcut idea to dogs.

Nevin et al. (2005) warned that some kids only show the function when antecedents are stacked; Salzer’s quick trials seem to catch the function without extra stacking.

Jolliffe et al. (1999) found human FA results can drift over weeks. Salzer did not retest dogs later, so we still need to watch for drift in pets.

04

Why it matters

If a client’s dog is too big, too loud, or too stressed for long sessions, you can run trial-based FA during walks or feeding. You still get a clear function, then build a treatment that works. Try it next time a shelter or family needs help fast.

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→ Action — try this Monday

Run three 2-minute attention trials during the dog’s regular play to see if nipping increases—then you have your function.

02At a glance

Intervention
functional analysis
Design
single case other
Population
other
Finding
positive

03Original abstract

Functional analyses are used to assess maintaining variables of behavior. Despite the large amount of research on functional analyses with humans, there are limited examples with nonhumans and even fewer studies incorporating modifications to standard methods of assessment with nonhumans. One modification that has yet to be evaluated with nonhuman animals is the trial-based functional analysis in which control and test conditions are embedded in naturalistic environments. This study compared a standard functional analysis with a trial-based functional analysis across different topographies of problem behavior with dogs. The results of the functional analyses corresponded for every dog. Individualized treatments were designed to reduce problem behavior. Implications of the trial-based functional analysis include feasibility for privately owned dogs and dogs under the care of shelters. The trial-based functional analysis offers a modification to established functional analyses that may allow increased access to the assessment of problem behavior.

Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 2025 · doi:10.1002/jaba.2921