Assessment & Research

Exploring the use of actigraphy to investigate sleep problems in older people with intellectual disability.

van Dijk et al. (2012) · Journal of intellectual disability research : JIDR 2012
★ The Verdict

Actigraphy fails in two-thirds of older adults with ID, so validate tolerance first or choose chest sensors.

✓ Read this if BCBAs planning sleep assessments in day programs or group homes serving adults over 60 with intellectual disability.
✗ Skip if Clinicians working with typically developing children or teens who tolerate wristbands well.

01Research in Context

01

What this study did

Meier et al. (2012) asked if wrist-watch actigraphy could track sleep in older adults with intellectual disability. They tried the devices on a small group and checked how software settings changed the sleep numbers.

The team wanted a cheap, home-friendly tool before starting larger sleep studies.

02

What they found

Only one in three clients produced usable actigraphy data. Changing the sensitivity slider in the program swung total sleep time by hours.

Poor tolerance and tricky skin contact were the main roadblocks.

03

How this fits with other research

de Leeuw et al. (2024) later showed ECG patches worked for two-thirds of the same age group, hinting that chest recordings are easier to wear than wrist ones.

Porter et al. (2008) had already used actigraphy on younger adults with ID, but they got clean data because staff helped keep the watches on every night.

van den Broek et al. (2026) sidestepped the wear-time problem altogether by using a chest-band that tracks heart and breathing to score sleep apnoea.

Together the papers say: older skin and sensory issues break wrist actigraphy, so pick chest or finger sensors instead.

04

Why it matters

Before you order twenty actigraphy watches, run a one-week pilot with one or two clients over 65. If you see gaps in more than half the nights, switch to ECG or cardiorespiratory bands. You will save money and still give the physician the sleep numbers they need.

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Tape an actigraphy watch on one senior client for three nights; if you lose more than 30% of data, trial a chest ECG patch instead.

02At a glance

Intervention
not applicable
Design
other
Sample size
563
Population
intellectual disability
Finding
not reported

03Original abstract

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to explore the use of actigraphy to investigate sleep problems in a convenience sample of clients of Dutch intellectual disability (ID) care providers. Based on data obtained in a large multi-centre study on healthy ageing in people with ID, research questions were: 'To what degree are actigraphic measurements successful in this population?' and 'What is the influence of different sensitivity settings of the Actiwatch Sleep Analysis software on the distribution of sleep variables in this group?' METHODS: Data were collected in a cross-sectional descriptive study design. We included 563 participants, aged 50 years or older, with borderline to profound ID. Sleep-wake data were measured continuously during 14 days and nights using the Actiwatch AW7. A complete measurement of at least 7 days and nights, including at least one weekend day, was considered successful. Objective variables of sleep were analysed using different sensitivity settings of the Actiwatch AW7 Sleep Analysis software. RESULTS: In 200 participants (35.5%), a successful measurement was obtained. Unsuccessful measurements were caused primarily by problems with wearing the device and incomplete information on bed time and get up time. Of 382 participants who started wearing the Actiwatch, 354 (92.3%) wore it for at least 7 days. Application of different sensitivity settings of the Sleep Analysis software resulted in clear differences of all sleep parameters. CONCLUSIONS: Further research is needed into the validity of objective sleep parameters, as measured with the Actiwatch, for screening and epidemiological research in older people with ID. It needs to be investigated which sensitivity setting of the Actiwatch gives most valid results in this specific group, whereas reference data on sleep parameters and cut-off values are to be obtained.

Journal of intellectual disability research : JIDR, 2012 · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2788.2011.01458.x