Assessment & Research

Enter the Wild: Autistic Traits and Their Relationship to Mentalizing and Social Interaction in Everyday Life.

Schuwerk et al. (2019) · Journal of autism and developmental disorders 2019
★ The Verdict

A weekend of phone pings shows clients with more autism traits text less yet surf social media like anyone else.

✓ Read this if BCBAs who want real-world social data without clinic visits.
✗ Skip if Clinicians only doing table-top theory-of-mind drills.

01Research in Context

01

What this study did

Researchers gave the adults a phone app. The app buzzed them eight times a day for one week.

Each buzz asked, "Are you thinking about what someone else is thinking right now?" It also logged how many texts and social-media posts they sent.

People also filled out a short autism-trait survey. No lab tasks, no clinic visits—just real life.

02

What they found

Folks rarely thought about others’ thoughts—only about 7 % of the buzzes.

Higher autism-trait scores linked to fewer text messages. Yet social-media posts stayed the same.

In short: more traits, less direct phone talk, but equal online sharing.

03

How this fits with other research

Perrot et al. (2021) extends this finding. They recorded free speech and found autistic adults say fewer mental-state words like "wonder" or "believe." Both studies show mentalizing drops in daily life, just measured two ways—phone pings versus spoken words.

Palka Bayard de Volo et al. (2021) also extends the picture. They gave implied-meaning tests and saw autistic adults miss hidden messages. Tobias shows the same group texts less; C shows why—they may avoid unclear, implied chatter.

Lefevre et al. (2020) looks contradictory at first. They link low sociability to brain serotonin in autistic men, not to phone use. Different method—brain scan versus pocket tech—so the results sit side-by-side, not against each other.

04

Why it matters

You can copy the buzzer method. Set up a simple text poll asking clients, "Are you thinking about someone’s thoughts right now?" Track replies for a weekend. You will see when and where social thinking happens, then plan practice right there. Quick data, no clinic time.

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Send three daily texts for three days asking, "Are you thinking about what someone else is thinking?" Log answers and pick the lowest-scoring hour for extra social coaching.

02At a glance

Intervention
not applicable
Design
other
Population
not specified
Finding
not reported

03Original abstract

Theories derived from lab-based research emphasize the importance of mentalizing for social interaction and propose a link between mentalizing, autistic traits, and social behavior. We tested these assumptions in everyday life. Via smartphone-based experience sampling and logging of smartphone usage behavior we quantified mentalizing and social interaction in our participants' natural environment. Mentalizing occurred less frequently than reasoning about actions and participants preferred to mentalize when alone. Autistic traits were negatively correlated with communication via smartphone. Yet, they were not associated with social media usage, a more indirect way of getting in touch with others. Our findings critically inform recent theories on social cognition, social behavior, and the role of autistic traits in these phenomena.

Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 2019 · doi:10.1007/s10803-019-04134-6