Assessment & Research

Emotion dysregulation in autism: A meta-analysis.

McDonald et al. (2024) · Autism : the international journal of research and practice 2024
★ The Verdict

Autistic people across the lifespan show markedly higher emotion dysregulation than peers—screen and teach regulation skills early.

✓ Read this if BCBAs working with autistic clients in clinic, school, or home programs.
✗ Skip if Practitioners focused solely on neurotypical populations.

01Research in Context

01

What this study did

Nuebling et al. (2024) pooled 96 studies on emotion dysregulation in autism.

They compared autistic people to neurotypical peers and to other clinical groups.

The meta-analysis covered toddlers through adults across 15 countries.

02

What they found

Autistic people scored higher on every measure of emotion dysregulation.

The gap was large and held for both kids and adults.

Even against other clinical groups, autistic people showed more intense and frequent meltdowns, mood swings, and recovery problems.

03

How this fits with other research

Bölte et al. (2008) saw the same pattern in adults: atypical heart-rate and self-reported arousal during emotion tasks. Their lab data is now part of this bigger picture.

Taylor et al. (2017) showed preschoolers with autism use fewer helpful strategies outside the family circle. The meta proves this early gap lasts.

Ben Hassen et al. (2023) linked poor regulation to alexithymia and weak body-signal awareness. The meta supports adding interoception checks to your intake.

Becker et al. (2021) found adults with high autism traits label neutral faces as threatening. The meta widens the lens: bias plus poor control equals daily dysregulation.

04

Why it matters

Every autistic client you serve is at high risk for emotion dysregulation. Add a quick screener like the Emotion Dysregulation Inventory to your intake. Build regulation goals into behavior plans the same way you target communication or daily living skills.

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Add one regulation probe (e.g., 'When upset I can ___') to your next session’s cold-open questions.

02At a glance

Intervention
not applicable
Design
meta analysis
Population
autism spectrum disorder, neurotypical, mixed clinical
Finding
not reported

03Original abstract

Autistic people often experience other mental health challenges, which makes it particularly important to understand factors that may contribute to the development of these conditions. Emotion dysregulation, or difficulties in effectively regulating one's own emotions in response to a changing environment, is one factor that is experienced frequently by autistic and non-autistic people and is commonly related to a wide range of mental health conditions. This article represents a quantitative synthesis of the current state of the literature on emotion dysregulation, with a specific focus on how the severity of emotion dysregulation differs across autistic and non-autistic people across the lifespan. The findings suggest elevated emotion dysregulation in autistic individuals compared to both neurotypical and other clinical populations and provide insights into the experiences of emotion dysregulation in autistic people. Overall, this article underscores the importance of more research into emotion dysregulation in autistic people to inform areas of challenges related to emotion dysregulation that can be used to better inform treatment targets.

Autism : the international journal of research and practice, 2024 · doi:10.1177/13623613241257605