Assessment & Research

Detailed Assessment of Incontinence, Psychological Problems and Parental Stress in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Niemczyk et al. (2019) · Journal of autism and developmental disorders 2019
★ The Verdict

One in six autistic kids wet themselves by day or night, and their parents feel the pressure.

✓ Read this if BCBAs running toilet training or intake assessments in clinic or home programs.
✗ Skip if Practitioners who only serve verbal teens with no toileting goals.

01Research in Context

01

What this study did

Niemczyk et al. (2019) checked kids with autism for wetting problems. They also asked about other mental health issues and how stressed the parents felt.

The team compared these kids to a group without autism. They wanted to see if wetting pants linked to more stress.

02

What they found

About 16 % of the autistic kids wet the bed. Another 16 % leaked during the day. Both numbers are higher than in the control group.

Parents of these kids said they felt more stress. The kids also had more extra mental health diagnoses.

03

How this fits with other research

Rivard et al. (2014) already showed that dads of autistic kids feel extra stress. Justine adds that wetting issues make that stress even bigger.

Aznar et al. (2005) pointed to autism itself as the main driver of mom stress. Justine agrees, but shows that wetting problems pile on top.

Wang et al. (2022) found that mindful parenting can lower stress. Justine’s data remind us there is real stress to lower in the first place.

04

Why it matters

If you serve autistic kids, add two quick questions to your intake: “Any bed-wetting?” and “Any day leaks?” A simple “yes” flags extra family stress. You can then teach toilet skills or refer to a urologist, while giving mom and dad extra support from day one.

Free CEUs

Want CEUs on This Topic?

The ABA Clubhouse has 60+ free CEUs — live every Wednesday. Ethics, supervision & clinical topics.

Join Free →
→ Action — try this Monday

Add one wetting question to your caregiver interview and plan extra parent support if the answer is yes.

02At a glance

Intervention
not applicable
Design
other
Sample size
51
Population
autism spectrum disorder
Finding
positive
Magnitude
small

03Original abstract

Incontinence, psychological symptoms, parental stress and psychopathology were examined in 51 children (43 boys, mean age = 9.7 years) presented in an outpatient clinic for autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and in 53 matched controls (43 boys, mean age = 10.2 years). All children were clinically assessed for ASD, incontinence and psychopathology according to current guidelines. ASD was confirmed in 37 children and excluded in 14. Enuresis (16.2%) and daytime urinary incontinence (16.2%), but not fecal incontinence (8.2%) were more common in ASD than in controls. Children with ASD showed significantly more comorbid psychiatric disorders. Parents of children with ASD experience more stress. Parental stress was predicted by parental psychopathology, role restriction and group (patient/control), but not by incontinence.

Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 2019 · doi:10.1007/s10803-019-03885-6