Assessment & Research

Change in Autism Diagnoses Prior to and Following the Introduction of DSM-5.

Bent et al. (2017) · Journal of autism and developmental disorders 2017
★ The Verdict

DSM-5 tightened autism criteria and immediately slowed new diagnoses and funding claims for children under seven.

✓ Read this if BCBAs who assess or refer kids under seven in public or private clinics.
✗ Skip if Clinicians working only with adults or clients already grandfathered into services.

01Research in Context

01

What this study did

The team tracked autism numbers before and after DSM-5 came out. They looked at all kids under seven in the state registry. They counted new diagnoses and funding claims for two years on each side of the switch.

02

What they found

The steady climb in autism labels stopped cold once DSM-5 arrived. Funding sign-ups also dipped a little. The tighter rules clearly trimmed the rolls.

03

How this fits with other research

Wilson et al. (2013) saw the same shrinkage in adults: DSM-5 missed half who fit the older rules. Their clinic data foretold the population drop A et al. later caught.

Foley-Nicpon et al. (2017) offers a fix—using both ADOS and ADI-R keeps every bright kid inside the new frame. Without that pair, you lose over a third of cases.

Foley et al. (2018) adds a twist: GP visits for autism kept rising even as funded cases flattened. Kids still need help; they just carry fewer official labels.

04

Why it matters

Your intake file may look lighter, but need has not shrunk. Run both ADOS and ADI-R so high-functioning kids do not slip out of services. If a child fails DSM-5 yet shows clear social-communication gaps, document the need anyway and pursue alternative funding codes. The label changed; the learner still counts.

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Add ADI-R to any ADOS-only battery for bright young clients to keep them eligible.

02At a glance

Intervention
not applicable
Design
other
Sample size
32199
Population
autism spectrum disorder
Finding
negative
Magnitude
small

03Original abstract

Change over time in the age and number of children registered for autism-specific funding was examined, prior to and following introduction of the revised diagnostic criteria (the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-fifth edition; DSM-5). De-identified data for 32,199 children aged under 7 years between 2010 and 2015 was utilised. Fluctuations were evident in the frequency and age of diagnoses, with slight increases in age of diagnosis corresponding with increases in frequency of diagnoses. The incidence of autism increased from 2010 to 2013, and then plateaued to 2015. A significant trend-relative reduction in the number of children registered to receive autism-specific funding was evident post 2013, suggesting the more stringent DSM-5 criteria may have curbed the trend of increasing diagnoses over time.

Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 2017 · doi:10.1007/s10803-016-2942-y