Assessment & Research

Challenges in Measuring Social Communication Changes in Verbally Fluent Autistic Individuals: Development of the Brief Observation of Social Communication Change: Fluent 1 and Fluent 2 (BOSCC-F1/F2).

Byrne et al. (2025) · Journal of autism and developmental disorders 2025
★ The Verdict

The BOSCC-F1/F2 gives reliable scores for verbally fluent autistic clients, yet it showed no change—so combine it with longer-term or more sensitive outcome measures.

✓ Read this if BCBAs who assess or treat verbally fluent autistic adolescents and adults.
✗ Skip if Practitioners working with non-speaking or toddler populations.

01Research in Context

01

What this study did

Byrne et al. (2025) built two short checklists for verbally fluent autistic clients. They call them BOSCC-F1 and BOSCC-F2.

The team watched short videos and scored social moves like eye contact, questions, and topic shifts. They wanted to see if the scores stayed the same when different people rated the same clip.

02

What they found

The checklists were reliable. Three clear factors showed up: social initiations, responses, and repetitive speech.

Yet, across the study window, total scores barely budged. The tool held steady, but real-life social growth was too small to spot.

03

How this fits with other research

Pijl et al. (2018) tested the toddler version of the BOSCC and saw positive change over time. The new fluent form did not copy that result. The gap looks like a contradiction, but it is not: toddlers in early intervention often make fast jumps, while verbally fluent clients may show slower, subtler shifts that a short study can miss.

Dudley et al. (2019) showed you can score the toddler BOSCC during a 10-minute home snack with the same reliability as clinic play. Byrne et al. (2025) kept the same rating style but swapped the setting and age group, extending the tool upward on the spectrum.

Faja et al. (2023) compared eight social-communication scales and found most can separate autistic from typical groups. BOSCC-F1/F2 now joins that menu, but only for clients who speak in full sentences.

04

Why it matters

If you run social-skills groups for verbally fluent clients, keep using the BOSCC-F for baseline and fidelity checks, but pair it with a second outcome like caregiver logs or self-ratings. Do not expect big score jumps in a few weeks; plan longer tracking windows or add micro-goals that the tool can capture.

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Film a 12-minute conversation, score it with BOSCC-F1, and set a micro-target like 'two new follow-up questions' to watch for next month.

02At a glance

Intervention
not applicable
Design
pre post no control
Sample size
114
Population
autism spectrum disorder
Finding
null

03Original abstract

PURPOSE: The current study investigated the utility of the Brief Observation of Social Communication Change-Fluent 1 and Fluent 2 (BOSCC-F1/F2) as a potential outcome measure of social communication change by analyzing the measure's psychometric properties and initial validity. METHODS: The BOSCC-F1/F2 coding scheme was applied to 245 caregiver-implemented administrations across 114 English speaking participants between the ages of 6 and 44 years. Participants had a documented diagnosis of autism, fluent speech, and were receiving behavioral intervention during the study period. RESULTS: Test-retest and inter-rater reliability were good for the Early Communication and Social Reciprocity/Language domains, and fair for the Restricted and Repetitive Behavior domain. There were no statistically significant changes in the Early Communication, Social Reciprocity, Social Communication Domain or Core Total. There were also no changes in SRS Total T-scores over the same measurement period. CONCLUSION: The BOSCC-F1/F2 demonstrated good inter-rater and test-retest reliability with a well-fitting 3-factor structure. Yet, meaningful social communication changes were not observed over time. The goals of intervention should be considered when determining the utility of the BOSCC-F1/F2 as an outcome measure. Future research should explore the validity of the BOSCC-F1/F2 using different intervention modalities and intensities.

Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 2025 · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2024.06.004