ABA Fundamentals

Transfer across drives of the discriminative effect of a Pavlovian conditioned stimulus.

BOWER et al. (1963) · Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior 1963
★ The Verdict

A stimulus linked to one reinforcer can keep controlling behavior even when the client’s current need and the reinforcer both change.

✓ Read this if BCBAs who see behavior maintained despite changed reinforcers or drive states.
✗ Skip if Clinicians working only with novel, never-reinforced responses.

01Research in Context

01

What this study did

Scientists paired a light with food for hungry rats. Later the rats were thirsty, not hungry, and the food was gone.

The team asked: will the light still make the rats press the lever even though they now want water, not food?

02

What they found

The light kept the rats pressing. The cue that worked with food still controlled the lever when the drive switched to thirst.

In plain words, the stimulus held power even after the reinforcer and the drive state changed.

03

How this fits with other research

Rojahn et al. (1994) extends this idea into humans. After building equivalence classes, one conditioned member passed its emotional pull to every other stimulus in the class.

Rincover et al. (1975) also shows long life: in ducklings, a stimulus paired with movement kept suppressing or boosting behavior for two full days.

Thompson et al. (1974) used almost the same rat lever set-up. Their food-paired light created pressing without any response-food link, matching the basic transfer mechanism seen here.

04

Why it matters

Your client may want one thing (water break) while the room still holds cues tied to another reinforcer (edibles). This study warns that those cues can keep driving problem behavior even after the original reinforcer is gone and the drive is satisfied. Check what stimuli were paired with powerful reinforcers in the past; they could still control behavior under new conditions today.

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Before session, list any room cues previously paired with strong reinforcers and probe whether they still evoke the response under the current motivational condition.

02At a glance

Intervention
other
Design
single case other
Population
neurotypical
Finding
positive

03Original abstract

Previous results suggest that a stimulus paired in Pavlovian fashion with reward should exert some discriminative control over an unrelated operant response acquired under a different drive-reward system. In the following experiment, a stimulus was first paired with food reinforcement for a hungry rat. Subsequently, the animal learned to lever-press for water reinforcements when thirsty but not hungry. Finally, the control over lever-pressing of the food-paired stimulus was tested by presenting it at various times during extinction of the lever-pressing response. All animals in the experiment showed the expected effect; each emitted more lever-presses during periods of the food-paired stimulus than during alternate control periods.

Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior, 1963 · doi:10.1901/jeab.1963.6-445