ABA Fundamentals

The relation between choosing and working prevocational tasks in two severely retarded young adults.

Mithaug et al. (1980) · Journal of applied behavior analysis 1980
★ The Verdict

The job that follows a choice decides whether that choice grows or fades.

✓ Read this if BCBAs running prevocational or classroom programs for adults or teens with intellectual disability.
✗ Skip if Clinicians who only run discrete-trial drills with no linked work task.

01Research in Context

01

What this study did

Two young adults with severe intellectual disability picked objects before work time. Each object was tied to a different job. One job was fun. The other job was dull.

The team watched what happened to their picking when the job that followed changed.

02

What they found

When the chosen object led to the fun job, the adults picked that object more often. When the same object led to the dull job, picking dropped.

The job that came after the choice, not the object itself, drove the next choice.

03

How this fits with other research

Geckeler et al. (2000) saw the same lift in responding when kids with autism could pick their reinforcer, but only when they could switch between two tasks at the same time. The boost disappears during single-response drills.

Deel et al. (2021) stretched the idea to activity schedules. Some kids with autism liked choosing the next activity; others did not. The 1980 study shows the reason: the work that follows the choice has to feel worth it.

Taber-Doughty (2005) adds a classroom twist. High-school students with ID learned faster when they picked the prompting style. Again, the chosen tool led to nicer work, so the choice stuck.

04

Why it matters

Before you offer a choice, check what task comes next. If the follow-up work is boring, the choice will lose its power. Pair chosen items with preferred jobs or add fun elements to the work. Re-check often—what is fun today can turn dull tomorrow.

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→ Action — try this Monday

Let your client pick an object, then assign a high-preference task right after—watch their picking rate climb.

02At a glance

Intervention
other
Design
single case other
Sample size
2
Population
intellectual disability
Finding
positive

03Original abstract

This study investigated the relation between prevocational preference, as measured by the client's selection of a task object, and the work that followed that choice. After selecting a task object, the clients worked a task previously assessed to be more or less preferred than the one indicated by the object. The results indicated that when the selection represented a task that was less preferred than the one actually worked, choices for that object increased on subsequent trials. Conversely, when the selection represented a task that was more preferred than the task subject actually worked, choices for the object decreased on subsequent trials. The work that followed object choices reinforced or punished subsequent selections. These findings indicated that the clients' object choices were valid indicators of their preference for working different tasks. They were also consistent with Premack's principle that one class of responses may reinforce or punish a different class of responses for the same individual.

Journal of applied behavior analysis, 1980 · doi:10.1901/jaba.1980.13-177