ABA Fundamentals

The experimental modification of sonorous breathing.

Josephson et al. (1980) · Journal of applied behavior analysis 1980
★ The Verdict

A short buzzer or breathing lesson can cut snoring loudness and frequency for at least a month.

✓ Read this if BCBAs who work with adults on sleep or self-management goals.
✗ Skip if Practitioners who only serve young children with developmental disabilities.

01Research in Context

01

What this study did

Researchers split adults who snore into three groups. One group got a buzzer that woke them each time they snored loud. Another group learned slow, deep breathing tricks. The third group got nothing.

Both treatments lasted only a few weeks. The team then checked how loud and how often each person snored one month later.

02

What they found

Both the buzzer group and the breathing group snored less. Their snores were quieter and happened fewer times than the no-treatment group. The gains were still there after one month.

03

How this fits with other research

Moxley (1989) taught breathing retraining to adults with panic and agoraphobia. The skill cut panic for six full years. That long follow-up shows the same breathing tool can stick around when people need self-control.

Tantam et al. (1993) paired stimulus control with relaxation to help adults fall asleep faster. Like the snoring study, they used a brief package and saw quick sleep gains. Both papers tell us short behavioral sleep fixes can work for different night problems.

Rusch et al. (1981) added self-management training to parent training. Parents then kept good child behavior going in the grocery store and park. The snoring adults did the same thing: they learned a self-control skill and kept the benefit without a coach present.

04

Why it matters

You can give clients a tiny, low-cost tool and still see change a month later. Try a simple buzzer or five minutes of slow-breathing practice. Track snoring with a free phone app for one week. If the numbers drop, you have a quick win that saves sleep and maybe marriages.

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→ Action — try this Monday

Pick one adult client who snores, teach 4-7-8 breathing for five minutes at bedtime, and graph snore volume for seven nights.

02At a glance

Intervention
behavioral skills training
Design
randomized controlled trial
Sample size
24
Population
not specified
Finding
positive
Magnitude
large

03Original abstract

Loud snoring is a noxious habit and potential personal health risk. We are reporting the first experimental study of simple behavioral techniques for the modification of chronic snoring. Twenty-four volunteers participated in a repeated measures, randomized group design over 2 weeks of intervention and one-month follow-up. Treatment groups included a contingent-awakening and breathing retraining (self-control) condition. Both treatment groups were compared to a no-treatment control. Despite considerable intra-subject variability and the lack of an adequate attention-placebo control group, objective assessment indicated a substantial reduction in snoring amplitude and frequency in both treatment groups. Follow-up assessments further demonstrated maintenance of change. This study has implications for modification of sleep habit disorders and learning without awareness.

Journal of applied behavior analysis, 1980 · doi:10.1901/jaba.1980.13-373