ABA Fundamentals

Some observations on the adventitious reinforcement of drinking under food reinforcement.

CLARK (1962) · Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior 1962
★ The Verdict

Reinforcement delivered on a steady timer can glue useless behaviors to the spot.

✓ Read this if BCBAs who use VI or FT schedules in clinics or classrooms.
✗ Skip if Practitioners working solely with demand-based or token systems that lack time clocks.

01Research in Context

01

What this study did

Rats earned food on a variable-interval schedule. The feeder clicked every so often, no matter what the rat was doing.

A water spout sat in the corner. The team watched to see if the animals would drink even though water was never required for the food.

02

What they found

Drinking showed up right after food pellets dropped. The closer the water tube, the more licks the rats made.

Shorter gaps between pellets also bumped up the sipping. The water had no food value, yet the timing made drinking stick.

03

How this fits with other research

Falk (1966) ran the same VI food set-up and saw the same polydipsia, a clean direct replication.

Cohen (1975) went further, showing the induced water itself became a reinforcer. Food rate changed how much the rats "wanted" the plain water.

Paul et al. (1987) flipped the script: they punished the extra drinking by delaying the next pellet. Drinking dropped when licks cost time, proving the behavior is operant, not reflex.

Morris et al. (1982) tested the old idea that food cues trigger the drinking. Five experiments ruled that out, pointing to competition among behaviors instead.

04

Why it matters

Your client might pick up odd habits while waiting for reinforcement. If delivery is clock-like, watch for extra rocking, tapping, or even sipping from a cup that is always there. Move reinforcers around, add brief pauses, or vary the place of edible rewards so accidental chains don’t take root.

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Film a 5-minute chunk of your VI session and tally any off-task behavior that follows each reinforcer.

02At a glance

Intervention
other
Design
single case other
Population
not specified
Finding
not reported

03Original abstract

The development of strong postreinforcement drinking behavior under variable-interval food reinforcement in rats was found to be influenced by the proportion of short intervals in the VI and the proximity of the water tube to the lever.

Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior, 1962 · doi:10.1901/jeab.1962.5-61