ABA Fundamentals

Some effects of response-correlated increases in reinforcer magnitude on human behavior.

Buskist et al. (1988) · Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior 1988
★ The Verdict

Bigger rewards for faster responses reliably speed people up, but they won't make the behavior hardier when challenges appear.

✓ Read this if BCBAs teaching fluency or pace to neurotypical teens or adults in clinic or classroom.
✗ Skip if BCBAs focused on maintenance under distraction or social-pressure tasks.

01Research in Context

01

What this study did

Researchers asked adults to press buttons for money. The twist: the more they pressed, the bigger the cash reward. They tested how tightly this link had to be to make people speed up.

Each person worked alone in a quiet room. Computers tracked every press and paid out instantly.

02

What they found

People pressed faster when bigger money followed faster pressing. The closer the match, the bigger the jump in speed.

Even small increases in reward size pushed response rates up, as long as the rule stayed clear.

03

How this fits with other research

Costa et al. (2025) seems to disagree. They found reward size did not help behavior stick when disruption hit; only reward rate mattered for persistence. The gap is about what each team measured. W et al. looked at how fast responding started. Costa looked at how long it lasted once things got tough.

Dougherty et al. (1994) adds a layer. They showed that social hints like 'try to beat the other person' can wipe out the power of bigger rewards. Together these studies tell us: magnitude boosts rate, but only if rate is the main cue and no social rule gets in the way.

Schmitt (1976) came first, proving that people pick the option that pays a little more. W et al. tightened the screw by making the size grow step-by-step with every extra response.

04

Why it matters

When you shape a new skill, tie the size of the reinforcer to the speed or effort you want. A child who writes five words quickly gets five stickers; two words gets two. Keep the rule simple and visible. Drop the size back once the pace feels natural to the learner.

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Count responses for one minute, then hand tokens equal to the count so the learner sees the link.

02At a glance

Intervention
other
Design
single case other
Population
neurotypical
Finding
positive
Magnitude
medium

03Original abstract

After training under short or long fixed-interval schedules, humans responded under a modified fixed-interval schedule in which magnitude of reinforcement (X or 2X) was minimally correlated with response frequency. Response frequencies that equaled or exceeded a minimum response criterion were followed by the larger reinforcer at the end of the interval; otherwise, the smaller reinforcer was delivered. The modified schedule alternated with the baseline schedule across conditions. In a control condition, the reinforcer magnitudes produced by control subjects were yoked to those of experimental subjects. Experimental subjects, but not control subjects, showed increased responding. In addition to the baseline and modified fixed-interval schedules used in Experiment 1, subjects in Experiment 2 also responded under a second modified fixed-interval contingency in which increases in reinforcer magnitude were more highly correlated with response frequency. Experimental subjects, but not control subjects, showed increased responding under both procedures. Direct comparison of these two procedures showed that the high-correlation procedure produced greater increases in responding than did the low-correlation procedure.

Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior, 1988 · doi:10.1901/jeab.1988.49-87