ABA Fundamentals

Relax and try this instead: abbreviated habit reversal for maladaptive self-biting.

Jones et al. (1997) · Journal of applied behavior analysis 1997
★ The Verdict

A two-minute relax-plus-competing-response routine can erase severe self-biting in a single teen.

✓ Read this if BCBAs treating oral self-injury in clinics or schools.
✗ Skip if Practitioners working only on vocal stereotypy or non-oral behaviors.

01Research in Context

01

What this study did

The team tested a short habit-reversal package on one teen who kept biting the inside of his mouth.

The package had three parts: relax, then use two quick competing moves instead of biting.

They ran an ABAB reversal to be sure the bite stops were real.

02

What they found

During treatment phases the biting dropped to zero and the mouth tissue healed.

When they took the package away, the biting came back; when they put it back, biting stopped again.

03

How this fits with other research

Marcell et al. (1988) used cues-pause-point to replace odd speech sounds.

Both studies swap a bad oral act for a planned one, but the 1997 paper adds a relax step and two moves instead of one.

Goulardins et al. (2013) also used an ABAB design to cut stuttering in an adult with autism.

Both got near-zero levels, showing a tiny reversal package can beat tough oral habits across ages and diagnoses.

04

Why it matters

If you see mouth biting, finger chewing, or cheek picking, try this mini package first.

Teach the client to take one deep breath, then press tongue to roof of mouth and close lips for three seconds.

Track bites for one week; if they drop, keep the plan and share it with parents and dentists.

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→ Action — try this Monday

Pick one self-biting client, teach the relax-tongue-lip trio, and count bites across five baseline and five treatment days.

02At a glance

Intervention
other
Design
reversal abab
Sample size
1
Population
not specified
Finding
strongly positive
Magnitude
very large

03Original abstract

We evaluated the effectiveness of an abbreviated habit reversal procedure to reduce maladaptive oral self-biting in an adolescent boy in residential care. Treatment involved a combination of relaxation and two competing responses. Results of a withdrawal design and two posttreatment medical evaluations indicated that the intervention eliminated the biting and the tissue damage it caused.

Journal of applied behavior analysis, 1997 · doi:10.1901/jaba.1997.30-697