ABA Fundamentals

Protocol analysis and the "silent dog" method of analyzing the impact of self-generated rules.

Hayes et al. (1998) · The Analysis of verbal behavior 1998
★ The Verdict

Use the silent-dog think-aloud test to see if accurate performance comes from hidden self-rules or straight contingency shaping.

✓ Read this if BCBAs who write task analyses or teach chained skills in clinic or school.
✗ Skip if RBTs looking for ready-to-run data sheets today.

01Research in Context

01

What this study did

Gutierrez et al. (1998) wrote a how-to paper. They give a new twist on protocol analysis. The trick is called the "silent dog" method.

You ask the client to talk out loud while working. Then you watch for two things. First, the words must match the correct steps. Second, the talking must stop when the task ends.

02

What they found

The paper is all theory. No new data. The authors show that the silent-dog check beats old cognitive probes. It keeps the science clean and stays inside behavior analysis.

03

How this fits with other research

Szatmari et al. (1994) came first. They said staff behavior is rule-governed too. Gutierrez et al. (1998) take the same idea and give you a tool to test it in any client.

Raslear et al. (1992) also sharpen assessment. They ran a mini functional analysis to see if self-restraint works like SIB. C et al. offer a verbal test instead of extra conditions.

Pisacreta (1982) watched humans on fixed-interval schedules. He guessed that silent verbal rules guided their pauses or steady rates. The silent-dog method could finally show those rules without guessing.

04

Why it matters

Next time a client nails a task, you will not know why. Did the contingencies shape the moves? Or did the child silently spell out a rule? Run the silent-dog probe. Ask for think-aloud. If the words line up with the moves and stop when the task ends, you have evidence of self-rule control. If not, keep shaping. You just saved hours of guessing.

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Pick one mastered task. Ask the learner to say each step out loud while doing it. Note if the speech matches the moves and stops at the end.

02At a glance

Intervention
not applicable
Design
theoretical
Finding
not reported

03Original abstract

Within the cognitive literature, verbal protocols of cognitive events are plagued by difficult questions of unconsciousness, completeness, reactivity, and validity. In this paper we argue that these concerns apply with much less force or not at all when protocol analysis is used to determine whether a given instance of behavior is governed by self-generated rules. When adequate controls are used, some patterns of results allow this question to be answered unambiguously and in a manner untouched by the philosophical hurdles encountered within the cognitive literature on protocol analysis. We argue that in at least some circumstances a slightly modified version of protocol analysis allows us to know, in a functional sense, what a person was thinking. Protocol analysis can be very useful to behavior analysts who are interested in determining whether task-relevant behavior is controlled by self-generated rules or is purely contingency shaped.

The Analysis of verbal behavior, 1998 · doi:10.1007/BF03392923