Preference for multiple versus mixed schedules of reinforcement.

Researchers let pigeons choose between two reward setups. One setup showed clear signals for each reward type (multiple schedule). The other gave no signals (mixed schedule). They tested how long the birds had to wait before earning rewards. Short waits versus long waits changed the game.

The team watched which setup the birds picked more often. They tracked choices across many sessions to see clear patterns.

When the wait time was short, birds picked the signaled setup every time. They loved knowing what reward was coming. But when the wait got longer, they flipped. They chose the mystery setup instead. The same birds changed their minds based on wait time alone.

Fine et al. (2005) found the same flip-flop pattern. Their pigeons sometimes picked fixed schedules, sometimes random ones. Both studies show preference isn't fixed - it depends on the setup details.

Soreth et al. (2009) helps explain why. They showed birds love random schedules when quick rewards happen more often. This matches B et al.'s finding - longer waits make the mystery schedule more appealing because any reward might come soon.

Sturmey et al. (1996) used ratio schedules instead of time schedules. They found the smallest ratio number drives choice, not the average. This supports the same principle: small details matter more than the big picture.

Your client's preference between clear versus mystery rewards can flip based on timing. If you're using token boards (clear signals) versus surprise rewards, check the wait times. Short waits favor clear systems. Long waits favor mystery rewards. Test both with your learner and see which they pick today.