ABA Fundamentals

Incidental teaching of language in the preschool.

Hart et al. (1975) · Journal of applied behavior analysis 1975
★ The Verdict

Casual teacher prompts during play teach preschoolers to say longer sentences with “and” and the skill spreads to friends.

✓ Read this if BCBAs running preschool or daycare rooms who want easy, play-based language gains.
✗ Skip if Clinicians seeking scripted lessons for older autistic learners who need written work.

01Research in Context

01

What this study did

Eleven preschoolers spent their free-play time in a day-care room.

Teachers waited for kids to start talking about toys.

When a child said something simple, the teacher asked for a little more.

They modeled a compound sentence like “I want the truck and the blocks.”

No drills. No table work. Just quick chats during play.

02

What they found

Every child began using full “and” sentences on their own.

First they said them to teachers.

Later they used the same sentences with friends.

The growth showed up in everyday play, not just in tests.

03

How this fits with other research

Zhou et al. (2018) later taught autistic elementary students to write sentences.

They used a clear step-by-step package instead of casual play.

Both studies got more sentences, showing the idea works for different ages and styles.

Rasing et al. (1992) and Crosbie (1993) used a drill-plus-praise plan with deaf children who had language delays.

Their kids also gained social words, proving brief adult coaching keeps working across groups.

Murdock et al. (1977) found that articulation only spread when kids practiced with two adults in two places.

Smith et al. (1975) did not set up extra rooms yet still saw peer-to-peer growth, hinting that rich play spaces may give enough varied practice on their own.

04

Why it matters

You can grow advanced language without stopping play.

Next time a child asks for something, stretch the sentence: “Cars and what else?”

Model the full form once, then hand over the toy.

In minutes you get natural practice, happy kids, and data to graph.

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→ Action — try this Monday

During free play wait for a child to ask for an item, then say “Tell me both things you want” and model the “and” sentence before giving the toys.

02At a glance

Intervention
natural environment teaching
Design
single case other
Sample size
11
Finding
positive

03Original abstract

"Incidental teaching" denotes a process whereby language skills of labelling and describing are learned in naturally occurring adult-child interactions. In the present study, 15-min daily samples of the spontaneous speech of 11 children were recorded during free play over eight months of preschool. After incidental teaching of compound sentences, increases in unprompted use of compound sentences were seen for all the children, first directed to teachers, and then to children, in accordance with who attended to the children's requests for play materials. The incidental teaching procedure also stimulated spontaneous variety in speech, and appears to have general applicability to child learning settings.

Journal of applied behavior analysis, 1975 · doi:10.1901/jaba.1975.8-411