ABA Fundamentals

FACILITATION OF LARGE RATIO PERFORMANCE BY USE OF CONDITIONED REINFORCEMENT.

FINDLEY et al. (1965) · Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior 1965
★ The Verdict

Insert tiny conditioned reinforcers inside big ratios to cut pauses, speed work, and earn instant learner preference.

✓ Read this if BCBAs running large response chains or token boards in clinic or classroom settings.
✗ Skip if Practitioners who only use short FR 1 or VR 2 schedules.

01Research in Context

01

What this study did

Scientists worked with two chimpanzees on a large fixed-ratio 200 schedule.

They split the ratio into four chunks of 50 responses.

After each chunk the chimp heard a click that had been paired with food.

The team then switched back to a plain FR 200 to see which version the apes liked.

02

What they found

The click during the ratio cut both pause time and total work time in half.

When the apes could choose, they picked the chunked schedule almost every time.

One simple sound kept the animals moving faster through the same amount of work.

03

How this fits with other research

FIELPREMACK et al. (1963) showed chimps can master four different schedules in one session.

Findley et al. (1965) took that idea and added tiny reinforcers inside one big schedule.

Wilson et al. (2016) later used the same chunk idea to set thicker FCT schedules for kids.

Najdowski et al. (2003) proved preference can flip fast; the 1965 data show it flips immediately when tokens appear.

04

Why it matters

You can turn any long response run into smaller pieces with a quick token or praise.

Try giving a thumbs-up every 10 math problems instead of waiting for 40.

Your learner will start sooner, finish faster, and ask for that format again.

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→ Action — try this Monday

Break your next 30-response task into three 10-response chunks and give a token or praise after each chunk.

02At a glance

Intervention
token economy
Design
alternating treatments
Population
other
Finding
positive

03Original abstract

Fixed ratio performance was examined in the chimpanzee under two alternating conditions. In one, conditioned reinforcement followed successive fractions of the total ratio, and in the other it was omitted. Shorter pauses and working times, and the development of a strong preference resulted for the condition affording conditioned reinforcement.

Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior, 1965 · doi:10.1901/jeab.1965.8-125