Evaluation and training of yes-no responding across verbal operants.
Train yes/no in every verbal operant—kids won’t transfer it for free.
01Research in Context
What this study did
Shillingsburg et al. (2009) worked with children who had developmental delays.
The team taught each child to say "yes" or "no" in different verbal operants.
They checked if learning yes/no in one operant carried over to the others.
What they found
Kids learned yes/no fast inside the trained operant.
The skill did not jump to new operants without extra teaching.
Each verbal operant stayed separate, just like Skinner said.
How this fits with other research
Lerman et al. (1995) warned that generalization needs a plan.
Alice’s data prove that warning was right—you must train yes/no in every operant.
Murphy et al. (2005) showed kids can mand new items after equivalence training.
That looks like a contradiction, but Carol taught stimulus relations, not yes/no topography.
Different skills, different rules—no real clash.
Why it matters
If you want true yes/no control, build it into each program you write.
Add separate trials for mands, tacts, intraverbals, and listener responses.
Track generalization probe data before you assume it happened.
One extra teaching loop now saves weeks of confusion later.
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02At a glance
03Original abstract
Topographically similar verbal responses may be functionally independent forms of operant behavior. For example, saying yes or no may have different functions based on the environmental conditions in effect. The present study extends previous research on both the assessment and acquisition of yes and no responses across contexts in children with language deficits and further examined the functional independence of topographically similar responses. All participants in the present study acquired yes and no responses within verbal operants (e.g., mands). However, generalization of the responses across novel verbal operants (e.g., tacts to intraverbals) did not occur without additional training, thus supporting Skinner's (1957) assertion of functional independence of verbal operants.
Journal of applied behavior analysis, 2009 · doi:10.1901/jaba.2009.42-209