ABA Fundamentals

Effects of public posting on driving speed in Icelandic traffic.

Ragnarsson et al. (1991) · Journal of applied behavior analysis 1991
★ The Verdict

A single daily sign showing percent of drivers not speeding cut average speeds 5 km/hr and halved serious violations.

✓ Read this if BCBAs running groups in clinics, schools, or homes who want a zero-cost feedback tool.
✗ Skip if BCBAs who only work one-on-one in private rooms without wall space.

01Research in Context

01

What this study did

Researchers put up a big sign on a busy Icelandic road. The sign showed the daily percent of drivers who were not speeding.

They tracked speeds over the study period. They used radar to measure every car that passed.

The sign updated each morning with the previous day's score.

02

What they found

Average speeds dropped 5.6 km/hr. That is about 3.5 mph slower.

Serious speeding was cut in half. Fewer drivers went more than 10 km/hr over the limit.

03

How this fits with other research

Phillabaum et al. (2023) did the same thing with clinic staff. They posted daily cleaning scores. Low performers quickly matched high performers.

Merritt et al. (2019) added tokens to public feedback. Staff tardiness dropped when daily scores were posted plus tokens were given.

All three studies show the same simple rule: post daily numbers where everyone can see them. Behavior improves.

04

Why it matters

You can use public posting anywhere. Post daily hand-washing scores in a school bathroom. Post percent of correct responses during social skills group. One sheet of paper and a marker can cut problem behavior in half. Try it next session: pick one skill, count it, post the percent correct, and watch improvement.

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→ Action — try this Monday

Pick one group behavior, count it today, post the percent correct tomorrow morning.

02At a glance

Intervention
other
Design
single case other
Sample size
4409
Population
neurotypical
Finding
positive
Magnitude
medium

03Original abstract

We replicated a study by Van Houten, Nau, and Marini (1980) that had revealed reductions in vehicle speeding following the posting of percentages of drivers not speeding on a sign at roadside. Our subjects were drivers entering a residential area where the speed limit changed from 90 km/hr (55.9 mph) to 60 km/hr (37.3 mph). A total of 4,409 vehicle speeds were taken from two observation sessions per day for 20 consecutive weekdays. The intervention consisted of a single posting condition, in which a hypothetical daily percentage of drivers not speeding was posted on a feedback sign, followed by a double posting condition, in which a sign posting a best result was erected beyond the feedback sign. Results revealed a significant speed reduction from an average of 69.0 km/hr (42.9 mph) during baseline to 63.4 km/hr (39.4 mph) during single posting. Average speed during double posting was 62.9 km/hr (39.1 mph). The percentage of drivers exceeding 70 km/hr (43.5 mph) dropped from 41.0 during baseline to 20.5 during single posting. The significant speed reductions add to the generality of findings of similar studies in Canada and Israel and offer possible explanations for the failure of feedback posting to reduce speed in the U.S.

Journal of applied behavior analysis, 1991 · doi:10.1901/jaba.1991.24-53