ABA Fundamentals

Derived more-less relational mands in children diagnosed with autism.

Murphy et al. (2009) · Journal of applied behavior analysis 2009
★ The Verdict

Equivalence training lets children with autism ask for "more" or "less" of new items without direct teaching.

✓ Read this if BCBAs teaching mands to children with autism in clinic or classroom settings.
✗ Skip if Practitioners working only with neurotypical adults or non-vocal learners.

01Research in Context

01

What this study did

Murphy et al. (2009) worked with children with autism.

They used match-to-sample lessons to link pictures, spoken words, and signs for "more" and "less."

After the kids matched correctly, the team tested if the children could ask for new items using the untrained signs.

02

What they found

Every child asked for "more" or "less" of new snacks without extra teaching.

When the links were flipped, the kids quickly switched their requests.

After a brief re-teach, the original asking came right back.

03

How this fits with other research

Murphy et al. (2010) repeated the idea with teens and five new mands.

Belisle et al. (2020) swapped snacks for abstract words like "bigger" and "faster."

Chastain et al. (2025) stretched the same logic into perspective-taking frames like "I" and "you."

All studies show kids with autism can derive new responses after equivalence training.

04

Why it matters

You can stop drilling every single request.

Teach a few equivalence relations and watch novel mands pop out.

Next session, try linking one new picture to "more" and test if the learner asks for an untrained item.

If it works, you just saved hours of direct training.

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→ Action — try this Monday

Pick one preferred item, teach the child to match its picture to a "more" card, then probe if they ask for a new item with the same card.

02At a glance

Intervention
stimulus equivalence training
Design
single case other
Sample size
4
Population
autism spectrum disorder
Finding
positive

03Original abstract

In Experiment 1, more and less relations were trained for arbitrary Stimuli A1 and A2 with 3 children with autism. The following conditional discriminations were then trained: A1-B1, A2-B2, B1-C1, B2-C2. In subsequent tests, participants showed derived more-less mands (mand with C1 for more and mand with C2 for less). A training procedure reversed the B-C conditional discriminations, and participants then showed derived reversed more-less mands (mand with C1 for less, C2 for more). Baseline B-C relations were retrained, and participants subsequently demonstrated a return to the original derived manding. A second experiment with 1 prior participant and 1 naive participant removed a possible confounding effect. Establishing derived manding may be an advantageous component when teaching a mand repertoire in applied settings.

Journal of applied behavior analysis, 2009 · doi:10.1901/jaba.2009.42-253