ABA Fundamentals

Delay-interval illumination changes interfere with pigeon short-term memory.

Tranberg et al. (1980) · Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior 1980
★ The Verdict

Even neutral changes in room lighting can wipe out short-term memory, so keep the teaching environment steady.

✓ Read this if BCBAs running matching-to-sample or recall tasks in clinic or home settings.
✗ Skip if Practitioners who only work on gross-motor or community skills without delay components.

01Research in Context

01

What this study did

Tranberg et al. (1980) worked with pigeons on a short-term memory game. The birds had to pick the key that matched a color they just saw.

Between the color and the choice, the lab lights were turned off or on. The team wanted to know if this harmless change hurt memory.

02

What they found

When the lights changed during the wait, the birds picked the wrong key more often. Their matching scores dropped below normal.

The simple light switch acted like static on a radio. It did not erase the memory, but it made the signal harder to hear.

03

How this fits with other research

Shimp (1976) showed pigeons can remember the order of their own pecks for several seconds. K et al. add that this memory is fragile if the room changes.

Parmenter (1999) warned that what looks like forgetting may just be stimulus confusion. The 1980 light-shift data support that idea: the birds erred because the context changed, not because time passed.

Green et al. (1987) found that extra cues help pigeons learn faster. K et al. flip the coin: an unplanned cue hurts memory, even when it has no meaning.

04

Why it matters

Your client’s room is their delay interval. Turning lights off, opening blinds, or moving furniture can muddy recent cues. Keep the physical setting steady during teach-back, recall, or DTT waits. If you must change something, re-present the sample quickly to refresh the correct response.

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Block outside light flashes during delay intervals or re-present the sample if the room changes.

02At a glance

Intervention
not applicable
Design
single case other
Finding
negative

03Original abstract

Pigeons acquired a successive depayed matching-to-sample task at delay intervals ranging from 2.5 to 7 seconds. Test sessions were conducted during which delay-interval illumination conditions were changed from those illumination conditions that prevailed during the baselines. Compared to baseline delayed matching performance, changing delay-interval illumination disrupted matching. This disruption occurred whether the change in delay-interval illumination represented an increase or a decrease, relative to the baseline, and whether there was or was not a change in illumination during the test session. It was concluded that illumination per se introduced during delay intervals of delayed matching tasks does not interfere with pigeon short-term memory. Rather, a change in delay-interval illumination, relative to the baseline, appears to retroactively interfere in pigeon short-term memory.

Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior, 1980 · doi:10.1901/jeab.1980.33-39