ABA Fundamentals

Correspondence between saying and doing: teaching children to share and praise.

Rogers-Warren et al. (1976) · Journal of applied behavior analysis 1976
★ The Verdict

Reward preschoolers only when their spoken claim of sharing or praising matches the real act and both honesty and kind behavior grow fast.

✓ Read this if BCBAs running social-skills groups in preschool or daycare.
✗ Skip if Clinicians working only with older or non-verbal populations.

01Research in Context

01

What this study did

The team worked with preschoolers who had no diagnosis.

They wanted kids to both say and actually do sharing and praising.

First they showed a film of models sharing and praising.

Next they asked each child, "Did you share?" or "Did you praise?"

They gave stickers only when the child’s spoken claim matched what the child really did.

This mix of modeling and reward for honest reports is called correspondence training.

02

What they found

When true reports earned stickers, honest answers rose.

At the same time, real sharing and real praising also rose.

Some children kept sharing and praising later, even without rewards.

The study showed that rewarding honest words can grow both honesty and kind acts.

03

How this fits with other research

Kydd et al. (1982) tried a loose-training style years earlier.

They let older kids with disabilities pick when to use new words.

Both studies show that letting the learner steer helps skills travel to new places.

Juanico et al. (2016) also used single-case designs with typical preschoolers.

They used favorite toys to grow self-control, while A et al. used praise for true reports.

Same age group, same solid design, different target skill.

Together the papers show preschoolers respond well when rewards are clear and quick.

04

Why it matters

You can copy this in any early-childhood room.

Set up a chance to share or praise.

Watch what really happens.

If the child’s words match the action, deliver a fun reward right away.

If the words do not match, withhold the reward and prompt the truth.

In minutes you build both honest talk and kind behavior with no extra toys or drills.

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After free play, ask each child, "Did you share?" If the answer matches what you saw, hand over a sticker and praise.

02At a glance

Intervention
behavioral skills training
Design
single case other
Population
neurotypical
Finding
positive

03Original abstract

Five small groups of preschool children were taught to share and praise by the modelling of these behaviors and reinforcement of their reports of sharing and praising. Experiment I demonstrated that modelling and reinforcement of any (true or untrue) reports of sharing, and then of praising, promptly increased reports of the corresponding behaviors. Modelling and reinforcement for true reports of each behavior increased both reporting and actual behavior. Experiment II showed that both reported and actual sharing and praising may be increased by modelling and reinforcement for true reports of the target behavior, without previous reinforcement for any (true or untrue) reports of those behaviors. Sharing, but not praising, generalized to a second setting. Experiment III replicated the results of Experiment II for sharing and praising, and demonstrated similar success in increasing a third behavior, specific praising. In general, these experiments show that developing correspondence between children's reports of behavior and actual behavior may be an efficient means of increasing prosocial responses.

Journal of applied behavior analysis, 1976 · doi:10.1901/jaba.1976.9-335