ABA Fundamentals

A systematic examination of different parameters of presession exposure to tangible stimuli that maintain problem behavior.

O'Reilly et al. (2009) · Journal of applied behavior analysis 2009
★ The Verdict

Let the child binge on the wanted item for a few minutes before work and watch problem behavior melt away.

✓ Read this if BCBAs teaching children with autism whose tantrums are driven by toys, food, or electronics.
✗ Skip if Clinicians serving clients whose problem behavior is fed by escape or sensory feedback, not tangibles.

01Research in Context

01

What this study did

The team worked with children whose problem behavior was kept going by access to toys or other tangibles.

They tried three warm-up plans right before teaching sessions: let the child play with the item until she seemed full, give her only two minutes with it, or give her none at all.

An alternating-treatments design flipped the plan each day so the child acted as her own control.

02

What they found

When the child got "full" of the item first, problem behavior almost disappeared in the next lesson.

Brief access or no access left the behavior high, showing the item still held strong power.

Satiation acted like a switch that turned the motivation off.

03

How this fits with other research

Whitehouse et al. (2014) later saw the same switch-off with nail biting in typical kids, proving the trick works for different topographies and diagnoses.

Bhaumik et al. (2009) looked at the flip side: they slowly lengthened deprivation time before choice sessions and found more deprivation did not always boost preference.

That pair of results sounds opposite, but the difference is the outcome measured: Mark et al. counted problem behavior while S et al. counted how often adults then picked the item.

Najdowski et al. (2003) review shows you can fold this satiation step into a larger play-training package so the child stays calm while learning new leisure skills.

04

Why it matters

If you know a client rips materials to get the iPad, give free iPad time for five to ten minutes right before work.

The brief "full" period costs almost no session time and can erase the need for restraints or elaborate plans.

Try it next Monday: run a short satiation probe, then teach; graph both problem behavior and correct responses to see the payoff.

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→ Action — try this Monday

Schedule a 5-minute free-play period with the reinforcer that usually triggers problem behavior, then start your teaching session and collect data.

02At a glance

Intervention
noncontingent reinforcement
Design
alternating treatments
Sample size
2
Population
autism spectrum disorder
Finding
positive
Magnitude
large

03Original abstract

We examined the effects of three different presession conditions on tangibly maintained problem behavior for 2 students with autism, using individual-participant multielement designs. First, an analogue functional analysis demonstrated that problem behavior was maintained by access to tangible items. Next, topographies of item rejection were identified. Finally, students were exposed to (a) brief access, (b) no access, and (c) satiation to the tangible items prior to tangible sessions. The results demonstrated high levels of problem behavior following the brief-access and no-access presession conditions and low levels of problem behavior following the satiation condition. The findings are discussed in the context of how satiation might best be defined for these sorts of evaluations.

Journal of applied behavior analysis, 2009 · doi:10.1901/jaba.2009.42-773