This comparison draws in part from “The Ethics of Assent-Based Practice: Key Features and Where People Go Wrong” by Brigid McCormick, MA, BCBA, LBA (BehaviorLive), and extends it with peer-reviewed research from our library of 27,900+ ABA research articles. The decision framework, BACB ethics code references, and cross-links below are synthesized by Behaviorist Book Club.
View the original presentation →Behavior analysts implementing assent-based practice can approach it through rigid rules applied uniformly across all clients and situations or through individualized assessment that informs flexible, data-driven responses. The choice between these approaches has significant implications for both client autonomy and client welfare. Understanding the differences helps practitioners develop assent practices that are both ethically sound and clinically effective.
| Factor | Evidence-Based Approach | Traditional Approach |
|---|---|---|
| Definition of Assent Withdrawal | Rule-Based: A single definition applied to all clients, such as any behavior indicating reluctance counts as assent withdrawal | Assessment-Based: Individualized definitions developed through communication assessment for each client, specifying the behaviors that constitute assent withdrawal for that person |
| Response to Apparent Assent Withdrawal | Rule-Based: All instruction stops immediately whenever any assent withdrawal indicator is observed, without further analysis | Assessment-Based: Initial pause followed by contextual analysis to determine appropriate response, which may include modification rather than cessation |
| Use of Functional Assessment | Rule-Based: Functional assessment is not applied to assent-related behaviors; all withdrawal is treated the same regardless of function | Assessment-Based: Functional assessment is used to understand the variables controlling assent-related behaviors, informing differentiated responses |
| Risk of Therapeutic Negligence | Rule-Based: Higher risk, as necessary services may be withdrawn whenever resistance occurs, potentially reinforcing avoidance and limiting skill development | Assessment-Based: Lower risk, as responses are calibrated to the individual situation and aim to maintain access to needed services while honoring preferences |
| Risk of Coercion | Rule-Based: Lower risk of coercion but at the cost of potentially allowing all escape behavior to terminate instruction | Assessment-Based: Risk of coercion managed through transparent protocols, team consultation, and ongoing monitoring of client welfare indicators |
| Staff Implementation | Rule-Based: Easier to train initially because the rule is simple, but may lead to inconsistent interpretation of what counts as withdrawal | Assessment-Based: Requires more training but produces more consistent implementation through clear, individualized operational definitions |
The ABA Clubhouse has 60+ on-demand CEUs including ethics, supervision, and clinical topics like this one. Plus a new live CEU every Wednesday.
Use this framework when approaching the ethics of assent-based practice: key features and where people go wrong in your practice:
Does the data support a need for intervention? Is there a meaningful impact on the individual's quality of life, safety, or access to reinforcement?
YES → Proceed to assessment NO → Document reasoning, monitor
A functional assessment should guide intervention selection. Avoid defaulting to standard protocols without individual analysis. Consider environmental variables, setting events, and private events.
YES → Select evidence-based approach matched to function NO → Complete assessment first
Goals should be co-developed. Assent and informed consent are ethical requirements. The individual's preferences and values matter in selecting both goals and methods.
YES → Proceed with collaborative plan NO → Engage in shared decision-making
This course covers the clinical and ethical dimensions in detail with structured learning objectives and CEU credit.
The Ethics of Assent-Based Practice: Key Features and Where People Go Wrong — Brigid McCormick · 3 BACB Ethics CEUs · $50
Take This Course →We extended this decision guide with research from our library — dig into the peer-reviewed studies behind each approach, in plain-English summaries written for BCBAs.
280 research articles with practitioner takeaways
279 research articles with practitioner takeaways
258 research articles with practitioner takeaways
3 BACB Ethics CEUs · $50 · BehaviorLive
Research-backed educational guide
Research-backed answers for behavior analysts
All behavior-analytic intervention is individualized. The information on this page is for educational purposes and does not constitute clinical advice. Treatment decisions should be informed by the best available published research, individualized assessment, and obtained with the informed consent of the client or their legal guardian. Behavior analysts are responsible for practicing within the boundaries of their competence and adhering to the BACB Ethics Code for Behavior Analysts.