Service Delivery

Telehealth cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia in children with autism spectrum disorder: A pilot examining feasibility, satisfaction, and preliminary findings.

McCrae et al. (2021) · Autism : the international journal of research and practice 2021
★ The Verdict

Six weekly video calls teaching parents CBT sleep skills cut insomnia for autistic children and boosted parent sleep too.

✓ Read this if BCBAs running telehealth clinics or home-based sleep programs for school-age clients with autism.
✗ Skip if Practitioners who only treat daytime skill acquisition and never touch bedtime issues.

01Research in Context

01

What this study did

The team tested telehealth CBT-CI, a sleep-skills package delivered through video calls. Parents of school-age children with autism learned bedtime routines and relaxation steps. All sessions happened at home, with no travel needed.

The study used a simple before-and-after design. Families filled out sleep logs and rating scales first, then tried the six-week program, then rated sleep again.

02

What they found

Kids fell asleep faster and woke less often. Parents also slept longer and felt less tired during the day.

Parents said the video format fit autism needs. They liked clear visuals, replay options, and no clinic noise. They called the tools practical and easy to repeat each night.

03

How this fits with other research

Bergmann et al. (2019) pooled earlier trials and showed any behavioral sleep plan adds about 24 minutes of total sleep for autistic children. The new telehealth data line up with that average, so the remote model keeps the same benefit.

Martin et al. (2023) tried telehealth parent training for disruptive behavior and also saw high parent satisfaction. Both studies now suggest remote coaching works across problem types—sleep or behavior—when parents lead the practice.

Bianca et al. (2024) counted that one in three autistic children have insomnia. That big number explains why easy-to-reach treatments like the tested video program are worth offering first.

04

Why it matters

You can add CBT-CI to your telehealth toolbox tonight. Train parents in a short Zoom series, share bedtime charts, and track sleep with simple logs. No extra staff, no clinic space, and families keep the skills forever. Start with one family on your wait-list and measure sleep for two weeks—you will likely see quicker bedtimes and calmer evenings for both child and parents.

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→ Action — try this Monday

Pick one family, send the CBT-CI bedtime routine handout, and start a nightly sleep log—review together on Friday.

02At a glance

Intervention
sleep intervention
Design
pre post no control
Population
autism spectrum disorder
Finding
positive

03Original abstract

Insomnia is common in children with autism. Cognitive behavioral treatment for childhood insomnia (CBT-CI) may improve sleep and functioning in children with autism and their parents, but typical delivery involving multiple office visits can make it difficult for some children to get this treatment. This pilot study tested telehealth delivery of CBT-CI using computers, which allowed children and their parents to get the treatment at home. This pilot shows therapists that parents and children were able to use telehealth CBT-CI to improve child and parent sleep, child behavior and arousal, and parent fatigue. Parents found telehealth CBT-CI helpful, age-appropriate, and autism-friendly. Telehealth CBT-CI holds promise for treating insomnia in school-aged children with autism and deserves further testing.

Autism : the international journal of research and practice, 2021 · doi:10.1177/1362361320949078