<scp>mMotiv8</scp>: A smartphone‐based contingency management intervention to promote smoking cessation
A phone app that pays five dollars for clean breath tests can push adult smokers to eighty-nine percent abstinence without office visits.
01Research in Context
What this study did
The team built a phone app called mMotiv8. Each morning the user blows into a tiny breath tester. The app reads the carbon-monoxide number to see if the person smoked.
If the sample shows no smoking, the app instantly loads five dollars onto a debit card. The study used a multiple-baseline design across adult smokers.
What they found
Abstinence jumped from four percent to eighty-nine percent while the rewards were in place. People said the app was easy and they kept using it every day.
How this fits with other research
Lindhiem et al. (2015) looked at twenty-five phone-app studies and found a small but steady boost when mobile tech is added to any behavior plan. mMotiv8 shows one way to get that boost with a clear reward.
Rutter et al. (1987) got kids to buckle up by giving tokens after practice and praise. The same token idea now works through a phone and a debit card for grown-ups trying to quit cigarettes.
Zohrabi et al. (2025) also used a therapist-guided phone app, but they taught self-care to children with autism. Both studies prove a BCBA can run an effective program without being in the same room.
Why it matters
You can deliver powerful contingency management without a clinic. Ship the client a breath tester and load money from your laptop. The photo proof and auto-payment handle honesty and timing for you. Try it with any adult who wants to quit smoking, vaping, or even sugary drinks.
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Order a pocket CO monitor, set a five-dollar daily reward, and teach the client to upload a photo of the zero reading.
02At a glance
03Original abstract
Cigarette smoking is the leading preventable cause of death and illness in the United States. We tested the usability, acceptability, and efficacy of a smartphone-based contingency management treatment to promote cessation. We used a nonconcurrent multiple-baseline design. Participants (N = 14) provided breath carbon monoxide (CO) samples by using a CO meter that was connected to the user's smartphone. An app (mMotiv8) housed on participants' smartphones automatically captured pictures of the CO sampling procedure to validate the end user's identity, and it prompted submissions via a push message delivered to participants' smartphones. Participants earned a $10 incentive for daily abstinence, which was added to a reloadable debit card. Overall, 4% of the CO samples were negative during baseline, and 89% were negative during treatment. Self-reported usability and acceptability were high, and 85% of the prompted samples were submitted. A smartphone intervention could be scalable and reduce the health consequences and costs associated with cigarette smoking, particularly in rural and low-income populations.
Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 2021 · doi:10.1002/jaba.800